noun:

• hanafuda; Japanese playing cards (12 suits of 4 cards, each suit representing a month indicated by a flower)

suffix noun:

• suffixed to words indicating a class of people to create a plural (esp. in impolite contexts)

noun:

• coherence theory (theory that a proposition is true if it corresponds with a specified set of other propositions) ➜ 対応説

noun:

• mast - From Dutch

noun / adjectival noun:

• necessary; mandatory; indispensable - From English "must" ➜ マストアイテム・マストバイ

noun:

• must; juice of grapes or other fruit prior to fermentation into wine

noun:

• effectiveness; efficacy; efficaciousness - 効き often refers to medicine

suffix noun / prefix noun:

• dominance (e.g. of left or right hand) ［利き］

noun:

• tasting (alcohol, tea, etc.) ［利き］ ➜ 聞き【きき】

noun:

• en-tout-cas (track or tennis court surface made of clay and crushed brick) - From French

noun / ~の noun:

• piece of junk (esp. dismantled or broken down car); worn-out article

noun:

• hitting (with fist); striking

interjection:

• exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)

noun / ~する noun:

• visiting ill or distressed people; writing get-well letters ➜ お見舞い・見舞い客

noun:

• get-well gifts; get-well letters ➜ 見舞い品
• expression of sympathy; expression of concern; enquiry; inquiry ➜ お見舞い申し上げる

noun:

• retort; sealed plastic pouch typically containing ready-made sauce or stew; boil-in-the-bag - Food term
• retort; glass vessel used for distillation (now largely obs.) - Chemistry term - From Dutch

noun:

• collective goods (i.e. goods or services such as parks, highways, etc. which could be supplied privately, but are usually provided by the government) ➜ 公共財

noun:

• event where young men and women paint each others' cheeks with black ink or soot during Little New Year in the San'in region ➜ 小正月

noun:

• nine gates; winning hand consisting of one pung of 1s, one pung of 9s and one tile each of every other number, plus one more suited tile, all in the same suit - Mahjong term - From English "chi"

expression:

• for some reason or other; somehow or other; by some chance - usu. ~に or ~で

noun:

• glasnost; Soviet policy of open discussion of political and social issues in the 1980s - From Russian "glasnost'"

noun:

• Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matters

noun:

• endless cycle of rebirth through the three worlds of past, present, and future existences - four character idiom - Buddhism term

~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• of great renown; highly illustrious; at the zenith of one's fame - four character idiom

noun:

• small-scale version of the 88 temples of Shikoku (i.e. on Awaji Island) ➜ 四国八十八箇所

noun / ~と adverb:

• sound of the expulsion of soft matter mixed with water; diarrhea, etc. sounds; watery - onomatopoeia

expression:

• if you do a favor for somebody, you will get a return favor; if a fish is friendly toward water, water will be kind to the fish too [literal]; you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours - proverb ➜ 魚心あれば水心

noun:

• scarlet kadsura (Kadsura japonica) ➜ 実葛【さねかずら】
• white sash tied around the head, with ends hanging down and tucked into belt, worn in kyogen to indicate a female character being played by a man

noun:

• young person acting like an old person
• officials who helped the council of elders during the Edo period ➜ 老中

noun:

• terracotta army (clay figurines found near the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor in China); terracotta warriors and horses ➜ 兵馬

noun:

• blackeye rabbitfish (Siganus puelloides, species of rabbitfish found in the Maldives and the Similan Islands)