godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to lift up; to hold up; to hold above eye level ➜ 捧げる
• to give; to offer; to consecrate ➜ 捧げる
• to devote; to sacrifice; to dedicate ➜ 捧げる

suffix noun:

• full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with
• covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)

particle / conjunction:

• if; when
• and
• with
• particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.) ➜ って

noun:

• promoted pawn - abbreviation - Shōgi term ➜ と金

particle:

• ? - at sentence end; indicates question - Kyūshū dialect

noun / ~する noun:

• poverty; need; destitution
• having great difficulty with; struggling greatly with; being in distress

adjectival noun / noun:

• with profound (often hidden) meaning; pregnant with significance; meaningful; suggestive; interesting - four character idiom

noun:

• (establish) friendly (cordial) relations (with, between); (form) friendship (e.g. with a nation)

noun:

• mochi filled with red bean paste and topped with green soy flour ➜ 餅【もち】・餡・青きな粉

expression / ~よい adjective:

• knowing how to swim with the tide; being good at dealing with things

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to gulp down; to swallow deeply
• to understand; to take in; to catch on to; to learn; to digest
• to engulf; to swallow up
• to be filled with (people); to be crowded
• to hold back from saying something; to swallow (one's words)

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to tear up; to tear off; to rip up
• to separate (e.g. a couple); to disrupt (a relationship)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to jump up; to spring up
• to jump (market, price, etc.); to rise sharply; to skyrocket
• to act rashly; to jump the gun

noun:

• breaking up a match on doctor's orders (in boxing, etc.) - From English "doctor stop"
• being ordered by one's doctor to give up such habits as drinking, smoking, overeating, etc.

~と adverb:

• (with a) slap; smack; whack; sound of a sharp blow with something flat - onomatopoeia
• wham; sound of striking with something solid - onomatopoeia
• zap; crack; sound of thunder - onomatopoeia

adjectival noun / adverbial noun / noun:

• very hard; with utmost effort; with all one's might; for dear life - four character idiom ➜ 一所懸命

expression / adverb:

• nothing (with neg. verbs); not any
• and everything else (with noun plus "mo"); all

adverb:

• together; jointly
• at the same time; with; as ...; including; along with - often as ...とともに
• both

noun:

• with an open and calm mind; with no preconceived notions; without reserve; frank; candid - four character idiom

expression:

• with great vigour; in leaps and bounds; with the force of surging waves [literal]

noun:

• roasted mochi pieces (usu. flavoured with soy sauce, or sweetened with sugar, etc.)

noun:

• miso mixed with minced great burdock, ginger, etc. and sweetened with sugar ➜ 味噌

noun:

• thick toast with honey (and often with fruit, icecream, etc.) - From English "honey toast"

expression / adjective:

• knowing how to swim with the tide; being good at dealing with things ➜ 要領がいい【ようりょうがいい】

noun:

• traditional Japanese poem with verses of five and seven morae repeated at least three times, usu. ending with a verse of seven ➜ 短歌
• long epic song with shamisen accompaniment (developed in Kyoto in the late 16th century) ［ながうた］ ➜ 長唄

expression / ichidan verb:

• to harmonize with; to keep in tune with
• to go along with; to keep in step

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to shrivel up in fear; to tremble in fear; one's testicles shrivel up [literal]