noun:

• glow of a river in the darkness; surface of a river gleaming in the darkness; gleam on a river at dusk

noun:

• war by proxy; proxy war

adverb / ~の noun:

• day after day; day by day

noun:

• trial by jury; jury trial

noun:

• contract marriage; marriage by contract

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to dish up; to fill (a bowl) with
• to pile up; to heap up; to fill up; to stack up
• to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to prescribe
• to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
• to mark out (e.g. scale); to graduate (e.g. thermometer)
• to exaggerate; to apply heavy makeup - slang

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to approve (of); to be in favor of; to be in favour of

godan ~む verb:

• to put in; to place inside; to push into; to stuff into

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be enthusiastic; to be engrossed
• to be in high spirits; to be excited

noun:

• sink (e.g. kitchen)

~の noun / noun:

• cruising (e.g. taxi); strolling (entertainer, musician, etc.)

noun:

• washing area in a Japanese-style bath
• back-washing service (in a public bath)
• floating (something on water); setting adrift; washing away

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to hold a thing in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to embrace (e.g. a baby)
• to take upon oneself; to be saddled with

noun:

• community life; local life; regional life
• integration in the community; living in the local community (social work)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to shine; to glow
• to look attractive; to look nice; to be set off (by)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to polish up (on); to refine; to hone; to round out
• to polish (by rubbing)

noun:

• red; crimson; scarlet
• red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange)
• Red (i.e. communist) - often written as アカ - colloquialism
• red light (traffic) - abbreviation ➜ 赤信号
• red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red - abbreviation ➜ 赤字・赤字

~の noun:

• complete; total; perfect; obvious ➜ 赤の他人

noun:

• copper ［赤］ ➜ 銅【どう】

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be done; to be practiced; to be practised; to take place; to be held; to be prevalent; to be in fashion; to be in vogue; to be current; to come into use

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to show appreciation for (efforts, esp. by someone of equal or lower status); to thank for; to reward for

pronoun:

• this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ➜ 何れ・其れ・彼【あれ】
• this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) - humble language
• now
• here - archaism
• I (me) - archaism
• certainly - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• loss in weight (esp. body weight); weight reduction
• loss in quantity; reduction of quantity

noun:

• territories in the vicinity of Kyoto ➜ 畿内
• territories in the vicinity of the imperial palace

expression / ichidan verb:

• to greet; to call out (to); to start talking (to)
• to invite; to get in touch (with); to give a shout (to); to let (somebody) know (one is in the area or has time to meet, etc.)
• to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)

noun:

• expiry date; use-by date; date of expiry

noun:

• invention by an employee; employee invention; service invention

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to protect; to guard; to defend
• to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow

noun:

• classical form of na-adjective inflection formed by contraction of the particle "to" with the classical verb "ari" ("aru")

noun:

• classical form of na-adjective inflection formed by contraction of the particle "ni" with the classical verb "ari" ("aru")