noun:

• developing new ideas based on study of the past; learning from the past - four character idiom

noun:

• writing in a formal style (bungo) ➜ 文語体

noun:

• the six articles of faith (in Islam) ➜ 六信五行

noun:

• the people; the masses; the public; the great unwashed

noun:

• mole under the eye (supposedly due to having cried)

noun:

• cult of the open air; pleinairism; pleinairisme
• painter of pleinairisme; pleinairist

expression:

• two people arguing and not letting the other express their opinions - idiom

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to find fault with; to question

noun / ~の noun:

• first and fifteenth days of the lunar month (corresponding to new moon and full moon)

noun:

• flour dumplings in soup - Food term

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to get in touch with

expression / ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs):

• to engrave in one's heart; to inscribe on one's liver [literal] - idiom

noun:

• type of yellow carrot grown in Okinawa ➜ 金美人参・人参

noun:

• the handwriting of a high-ranking person

adverb:

• in turns; in series; in number order; by rotation

noun:

• first cherry blossom of the year

noun:

• pointing towards somebody or something with one's chopsticks (a breach of etiquette)

noun:

• (national) road in poor condition - pun on 国道 - slang - humorous term ➜ 国道

noun:

• commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; great, unifying leader

noun:

• the lord of creation; man; mankind

expression:

• be that the case, do so; do as you please; in any case

noun:

• the four major pollution-caused illnesses (Minamata disease, Niigata Minamata disease, Yokkaichi asthma, Itai-itai disease); four big pollution diseases of Japan ➜ 水俣病・第二水俣病・四日市ぜんそく・イタイイタイ病

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to meet the standard

~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• the whole house (assembly, audience) being in uproar - four character idiom

~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• in low spirits; dejected; sad