noun:

• modern history; modern and current history; recent history; recent contemporary history

noun:

• hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to meet (by chance); to come across; to run across; to encounter; to happen upon - 出遭う usu. has a negative connotation
• to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.) ［出会う・出合う］ - esp. 出合う
• to emerge and engage (an enemy) ［出会う・出合う］ - often used imperatively as 出会え

noun:

• décolleté; décolletage; the part of a woman's chest and back exposed by a low neckline - From French
• robe décolletée; low-cut dress - abbreviation - From French ➜ ローブデコルテ

noun / ~の noun:

• low-cut (neckline style); décolleté - From French

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to harm oneself in an attempt to harm someone else; to spit at the heavens and have one's spit land back on one's face [literal] - proverb ➜ 天に唾する

noun:

• cool biz; cool business; business casual (Japanese Ministry of the Environment (MOE) campaign encouraging people to wear lighter clothes and for companies to set their air conditioners to 28C, etc.) ➜ ウォームビズ

noun / ~する noun:

• sinking; foundering; going down; submersion
• getting dead drunk - colloquialism
• having too much fun (esp. in a red-light district, etc.) and missing work or neglecting one's duties - colloquialism
• staying in one place for a long time - backpacker slang - slang

noun:

• statute of limitations; lapse of rights after a period of time; prescription (including acquisitive and extinctive prescription)
• becoming invalid or void after a set time
• ageing; aging - Chemistry term ➜ 時効硬化

noun:

• type of red brocade originally from the ancient Chinese country of Shu and passed on in Japan
• type of brocade made in Sichuan during the Ming period

noun:

• small tatami room
• extension of the main room of a home (in traditional palatial-style architecture) ➜ 放ち出
• room smaller than four and a half tatami (in tea ceremony)

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall down; to fall over
• to turn out; to play out ［ころぶ］ - oft. as どう転んでも
• to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize ［ころぶ］ - in early Japanese Christianity
• to roll; to tumble ➜ ころがる
• (for a geisha) to prostitute (herself) in secret - archaism

noun:

• Buddhist revelation through intuitive discernment; Spiritual awakening cannot be experienced with words and letters; Spiritual enlightenment can be attained only by means of communion of mind with mind (Zen Buddhism) - four character idiom ➜ 不立文字

noun:

• weather wheel; pillar found near graveyards and temples with a wheel attached to it that can be used to communicate with the dead, as well as for divination
• sun pillar ➜ 太陽柱

noun:

• bottle of whiskey (whisky) that a bar customer buys, writes his name on, keeps on a shelf at the bar, and drinks little by little on successive visits - From English "keep bottle"

suffix / godan ~る verb:

• to do ... incessantly; to do ... hard - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 降りしきる

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to happen repeatedly; to happen over and over again - orig. meaning - archaism

expression:

• don't try and tell me that!; don't try that shit on me ➜ やがる

noun:

• the sum of the length, width, and height of a package; length + width + height

noun:

• New Year's holiday; period encompassing the close of the old year and the start of the New Year - four character idiom

expression:

• Buddhist revelation through intuitive discernment; Spiritual awakening cannot be experienced with words and letters; Spiritual enlightenment can be attained only by means of communion of mind with mind (Zen Buddhism) - four character idiom

expression:

• once bitten twice shy; to become over cautious from a bad experience; to be bitten by a snake and thus fear a rotten rope (which resembles a snake) [literal]

~する noun / adverb / ~と adverb:

• to be careless; to be inattentive; to be absentminded; to be slow - onomatopoeia

adjectival noun / ~する noun / adverb:

• long and disheveled (e.g. hair) (dishevelled) - onomatopoeia

adverb / ~と adverb:

• flaring up (fire); rising (e.g. steam) - onomatopoeia - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• looking up while hitting the ball; keeping one's chin up and not looking at the ball while hitting it - Sports term - From English "head up"

noun / ~する noun:

• reading (the parts one is interested in); reading here and there; skimming through; browsing
• reading word by word; reading only the parts one can understand

noun:

• making a piece of clothing with the same cloth inside and out; making a kimono with lining of the same fabric - four character idiom

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to behave like a spoiled child; to behave like a spoilt child; to fawn on - has a more negative nuance than 甘える ➜ 甘える
• to depend and presume upon another's benevolence ➜ 甘える