noun:

• government and people; those in and out of the court or government; the entire nation

pronoun:

• wise elder brother; polite reference to another's older brother, or to one's senior

pronoun / pre-noun adjectival:

• this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ➜ 此れ・此の

noun:

• carbonated alcohols; category of alcoholic beverages in liquor tax law which includes beer, happoshu and other drinks with an alcohol percentage of 10 or less ➜ 発泡酒

noun / ~の noun:

• the past; bygone days; the previous
• a past (i.e. a personal history one would prefer remained secret); one's past
• past (tense); preterit; preterite - Linguistics term
• previous life - Buddhism term

noun / ~する noun:

• opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services
• reopening (e.g. a road to traffic); resumption of services

expression:

• a narrow-minded person cannot understand the ways of the world; a frog in the well cannot understand the ocean even if it is explained to it [literal] - proverb ➜ 井の中の蛙大海を知らず【いのなかのかわずたいかいをしらず】・井蛙【せいあ】

noun:

• performance or narrative based on the story of the Forty-seven Ronin (esp. the Kanadehon Chushingura, an epic puppet play first performed in 1748) ➜ 浄瑠璃

noun:

• declaring that one is one tile away from winning on one's first discard and before any tiles have been called or kongs declared - abbreviation - Mahjong term ➜ ダブル立直【ダブルリーチ】

pronoun:

• oneself (itself, etc.) - archaism
• I; me - humble language
• you - derogatory term

adverb:

• by oneself (itself, etc.)

interjection:

• interjection expressing anger or chagrin

noun:

• franc (currency) - From French
• flan; open pastry containing custard (or fruit, cheese, etc.) - Food term
• flan; crème caramel; caramel custard - Food term

noun / ~する noun:

• tub bath; bathing in the open air; bathing or cleaning oneself
• cleaning oneself for religious purification

noun:

• long "o" vowel arising from combination of the "o" and "u" or "e" and "u" sounds

noun:

• low-class actor (kabuki); actor who plays in low-class or cheap theater - four character idiom

noun:

• within the prefecture (of Kyoto or Osaka)
• within the town limits of Edo - archaism ➜ 御府内

noun:

• fish-breeding forest; riverside or coastal forest that encourages fish breeding

counter:

• counter for ships (large boats)
• counter for half of a pair (e.g. half of a folding screen)
• counter for fish, birds, arrows, etc.

noun:

• Kintaro; hero boy of Japanese folklore, who befriended animals and had supernatural strength - childhood name of late-Heian warrior Sakata no Kintoki
• Kintaro doll (usu. having a plump red face, carrying an axe, and wearing a red apron)
• diamond-shaped apron

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to sing at the top of one's voice; to belt out a song
• to express one's feelings fully in a poem; to praise in poetry

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to encourage to do (something); to urge a person on; to demand action - idiom
• to spank; to give a spanking; to hit someone on the bottom; to beat someone's backside

noun:

• head of a school (of music, dance); head family of a school

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to ask a question
• to begin to ask a question

noun:

• representative of a board of directors; spokesperson for a board of directors

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be treated to a meal; to be given a meal

noun:

• angel's raiment; robe of feathers
• wings of birds or insects; plumage of birds
• type of bug ［はごろも］