godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to read a large number (of); to read widely; to read everything that one can lay one's hands on (usu. of specific type, genre)

expression:

• complete reversal of values or ways of thinking (over time); What appeared wrong in the past now appears right; realizing and regretting the past errors of one's ways - four character idiom

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to become thin; to lose weight; to reduce (one's) weight; to slim
• to be barren; to be infertile; to be sterile

noun:

• voice
• singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); hoot
• voice; opinion (as expressed in words); view; wish; attitude; will
• sound
• sense (of something's arrival); feeling - usu. as ～の声を聞く
• voice; voiced sound - Linguistics term

noun:

• large cut (e.g. of meat) ［大切り・大切］
• last piece of the day's programme; last act of a play; comic dialogue as the last item in vaudeville, music hall, etc.

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to insert; to put in ➜ 差す
• to plant (a cutting); to strike ➜ 挿し木
• to arrange (flowers) ➜ 挿し花
• to wear (a sword) in one's belt ➜ 差す
• to shut; to close; to lock; to fasten ➜ 鎖す【さす】

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to get dirty; to become dirty
• to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity ➜ 汚れる【けがれる】

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to get dirty; to become dirty - archaism ➜ 汚れる【よごれる】
• to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity - archaism ➜ 汚れる【よごれる】

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to twist; to turn; to writhe (e.g. in pain); to twist around; to turn in one's seat

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to blame; to reproach; to censure; to rebuke; to reprove; to find fault; to take to task; to criticize; to criticise
• to question (a suspect); to challenge

ichidan verb:

• to aggravate (an injury); to be aggravated; to get inflamed

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to prick (one's conscience) ➜ 気が咎める

expression:

• walk a mile in other's shoes to understand their suffering; you can't appreciate others' suffering until you've gone through it yourself; pinch yourself and know others' pain [literal] - proverb

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to cool (from room temperature); to chill; to refrigerate
• to calm down; to cool off; to regain one's composure; to relax
• to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)

noun:

• stag seaweed (Codium fragile); green sea fingers; dead man's fingers; felty fingers; forked felt-alga; sponge seaweed; green sponge; green fleece; oyster thief

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to say incorrectly; to use the wrong words; to make a slip of the tongue
• to forget to say; to miss one's chance to say

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to shake; to jolt; to rock; to swing; to sway
• to shake (e.g. the political world); to disturb; to shock; to upset
• to put off a batter (by varying one's type of pitch) - Baseball term

expression / ichidan verb:

• to bow; to bow one's head
• to apologize; to apologise
• to bow to; to yield to; to admire

noun:

• sword-bearer (subordinate whose job it is to hold their master's sword)
• rikishi carrying a sword who follows the yokozuna to the ring during his ring-entering ceremony - Sumo term

noun:

• hard-liners; diehards; hawks

noun / adjectival noun:

• (young) man with traditionally masculine interests; tough boy; man's man

noun:

• hard news; reporter who covers political and economic affairs

noun / adjectival noun:

• strait-laced type (with respect to relationships)

noun:

• bullish traders

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• failing to properly evaluate the (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the cause for the end; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; getting one's priorities backwards - four character idiom

noun:

• one's own effort; doing single-handedly
• a game (of go, shogi, etc.); a match
• a dance; a (musical) composition
• a company (e.g. of soldiers); a group; a party
• one hand

noun:

• being kept standing (without doing anything); remaining on one's feet
• beggar; tramp
• prostitute; streetwalker
• tout (for a hostess bar)
• street drug pusher
• day laborer standing and waiting for a job.

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms
• to affect adversely; to spoil; to ruin; to undermine; to gnaw at (one's heart, body, etc.); to eat into; to destroy

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be attentive to small details
• to be attentive to others (or others' concerns)
• to have one's mind turn groundlessly to something negative

expression / ichidan verb:

• to raise one's hand or hands - usu. 手を挙げる
• to surrender - usu. 手を上げる
• to raise a hand to someone (as a threat to strike) - usu. 手を上げる
• to improve - usu. 手を上げる ➜ 腕を上げる

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to shrivel up in fear; to tremble in fear; one's testicles shrivel up [literal]