noun / ~する noun:

• top and bottom; up and down; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends

noun:

• upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled; the government and the people ［しょうか］

noun:

• country with a constitutional government; constitutional state; country where the rule of law prevails; system based on the rule of law

noun:

• secretary-general; general secretary (esp. of Communist parties of the Democratic Republic of North Korea and the People's Republic of China) ➜ 主席

noun:

• priest's flapper made from the tail of a large deer; long stick with the tail of a large deer attached ➜ 払子

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to gouge; to hollow out; to bore; to excavate; to scoop out
• to greatly perturb; to cause emotional pain ［えぐる］
• to get to the bottom of things; to relentlessly bring the truth to light ［えぐる］

noun / ~の noun:

• the past; bygone days; the previous
• a past (i.e. a personal history one would prefer remained secret); one's past
• past (tense); preterit; preterite - Linguistics term
• previous life - Buddhism term

noun / ~の noun:

• one side; one party; counterpart; the other side; the other party ➜ 両方
• one of a pair; fellow; mate

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• all day long

temporal noun:

• last day of the month; last day of the year; New Year's Eve

noun:

• bowl of rice; single serving of rice
• bowl of rice placed by the pillow of the recently deceased

expression:

• every man knows his own business best; one should go to specialists for the best results; for rice cakes, (go to) the rice cake shop [literal] - proverb ➜ 餠

noun:

• Protectorate General; Han- and Tang-period Chinese office established to pacify and control peoples on the frontier (during the Tang period, six major Protectorate Generals were established) ➜ 都護・西域都護府・安東都護府・安南都護府・安西都護府・燕然都護府・単于都護府・北庭都護府

noun:

• spring and autumn; spring and fall
• years; age
• The Spring and Autumn Annals; The Chronicles of Lu; Chunqiu; Ch'un Ch'iu ［しゅんじゅう］ ➜ 五経

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to share (life's) joys and sorrows (with); to share the good and the bad (with); to stick together through thick and thin

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

• to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.); to fiddle with
• to toy with (one's emotions, etc.); to trifle with
• to do with something as one pleases
• to appreciate

noun:

• number crossword (var. of kanji crossword puzzle with numbers where squares with the same number contain the same kanji) - abbreviation ➜ ナンバークロス

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to finger; to touch; to play with; to fiddle with; to toy with
• to make changes to; to tinker with; to tamper with ［いじる］
• to dabble in; to do as a hobby; to play around with ［いじる］
• to grope; to feel around (in one's pocket, bag, etc.) ［まさぐる］

noun:

• shrine ritual held with the first two months of the year to forecast (or pray for) a successful harvest
• seasonal planting of rice on a field affiliated with a shrine

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to raise; to raise up; to set up; to pick up
• to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken
• to cause; to bring about; to lead to; to trigger; to give rise to; to create; to generate (e.g. heat, electricity); to produce ➜ 熾す【おこす】
• to start; to begin; to launch; to establish; to found; to set up; to open ➜ 興す【おこす】
• to plough; to plow; to till
• to fall ill with
• to transcribe; to write down (what is spoken)
• to turn over (a card)

noun:

• monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; non-human primate ➜ ニホンザル
• sly person - derogatory term
• idiot; hick - derogatory term
• sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
• clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook ➜ 自在鉤
• bathhouse prostitute - archaism ➜ 湯女

noun:

• the best one can do; one's best effort

adverbial noun:

• with all one's might; to the best of one's ability

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to labor (labour) for the public good; to work for the public good

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to repay double the original amount
• to repay x times the original amount - following a number x

ichidan verb:

• to come for the first time; to become for the first time

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to grab someone by the collar; to grab someone by the lapels

noun:

• for the first time; first thing; doing something for the first time - archaism
• first menstruation - archaism