expression / ~の noun:

• (living) from hand to mouth; living on the fringe of subsistance

expression:

• wooing technique; the way to a man's (woman's) heart

noun:

• fourth watch of the night (approx. 1 am to 3 am)

noun:

• fourth division of the night (approx. 1 am to 3 am) - archaism

noun:

• fifth division of the night (approx. 3 am to 5 am) - archaism

noun:

• the twelve nidanas (continuum of twelve phases that lead to suffering) - Buddhism term

noun:

• correct practices (esp. in Jodo, the path to rebirth in paradise) - Buddhism term ➜ 助業・浄土宗・正定業

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to lead (a) life (usu. preceded by the type of life)

noun / ~する noun:

• falling due to a strong wind; being toppled by the wind

noun:

• chair seat; chair seating (as opposed to sitting on the floor)

noun:

• shigandang; stone tablet placed at a three-way street intersection (or dead end) to ward off evil spirits

noun / ~の noun / adverbial noun / suffix noun:

• above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter)
• top; summit
• surface; on
• before; previous
• superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder)
• on top of that; besides; what's more
• upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after)
• matters concerning...; as concerns ...
• since (i.e. "for that reason") - as ...上は

suffix noun:

• suffix indicating higher social standing - honorific language ➜ 父上
• place of one's superior (i.e. the throne) - archaism
• emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo - archaism
• noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman) - archaism

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to be knotty (of a tree, etc.); to be gnarled
• to be rough and bony (hands, fingers, etc.); to be gnarled; to be knobby

noun:

• central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); mainstay; chief support; leader
• chief; boss; leader; head
• master carpenter
• beams and ridge supports of a roof - orig. meaning

noun:

• battlecry; cheer; cry where one breathes in a large volume of air and then releases it suddenly in a loud cry ➜ 鬨の声

noun / ~する noun:

• rushing at the enemy ➜ 突貫

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to depend on somebody for food and lodging - idiom
• to be treated coldly; to be kept in a low position - idiom

expression:

• you can't always get what you want; man plans and God laughs; things don't always turn out the way you hope - proverb

noun:

• successive generations
• hereditary daimyo (whose ancestors supported Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara) - abbreviation ➜ 譜代大名

expression:

• the importance of creating an environment conducive to a child's learning; Mencius' mother, three moves [literal] - four character idiom ➜ 孟母三遷の教え【もうぼさんせんのおしえ】

expression / adjective:

• completely helpless; unable even to drive away the flies on one's own head - idiom

noun:

• thinly cut hemp or paper mixed with rice (scattered as an offering to the gods) - archaism

noun:

• Buddhist pilgrim (carrying 66 copies of the Lotus Sutra to be left at sites across Japan)

noun:

• distinctive character used in the names of all people belonging to a single clan or lineage

noun:

• rotating stage machinery, which rolls backwards 90 degrees to reveal the next scene

noun:

• BRIC, BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China), referring especially to the fast-growing economies of these countries