noun:

• file wrapper for a patent; correspondence about the status of a patent between the inventor and the patent office

adjectival noun / noun:

• lack of refinement; inelegance; want of artistic taste; lack of poetic sense ➜ 没風流

noun:

• euphonic change of unvoiced to voiced sound (on the first consonant of the non-initial mora of a compound)

noun:

• shadow; shade; shading; gloom
• nuance; shades of meaning; subtleties

expression:

• without saying a word

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to try to ...; to be about to do ... - after the volitional form of verb
• to decide to ... - after the dictionary form of verb
• to take as; to treat as; to regard as
• to use for
• to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume
• to decide that; to think that
• to make into; to change into
• to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like
• to intend; to have the intention - with を目的

noun / ~する noun:

• invoking a deity during a festival held in that deity's honor
• medium's invocation of a deity to take possession of her (to receive his divine message or revelation) ➜ 巫女【みこ】

noun:

• groove in a shamisen player's fingernail caused by the friction of the string of the instrument
• someone's ability to play the shamisen

noun:

• merchant; trader
• expert (professional) in a given trade or profession; shrewd businessman; expert
• woman working in the nightlife business (bar or nightclub hostess, geisha, etc.); demimondaine ➜ 商売女・水商売

noun:

• use of a verb or adjective conjugation (esp. ren'yōkei) as a noun ➜ 連用形

noun:

• hybrid language; pidgin
• hybrid word; portmanteau word

adverb:

• sound of a small wave hitting the shore; sound of a whip; sound of a slap - onomatopoeia

noun:

• big three dragons; winning hand consisting of pungs or kongs of each of the three types of dragon tiles - Mahjong term

expression:

• a narrow-minded person cannot understand the ways of the world; a frog in the well cannot understand the ocean even if it is explained to it [literal] - proverb ➜ 井の中の蛙大海を知らず【いのなかのかわずたいかいをしらず】・井蛙【せいあ】

noun:

• orthographical variants; words with the same pronunciation and meaning, but different written forms; spelling inconsistency

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to observe the reasons and types of faults a person makes is to come to know whether they are virtuous or not

noun:

• endpaper (of a book); end-paper
• facing (material sewn on the inside edge of a garment)
• looking back; triumphing over (a rival) ➜ 見返す

noun:

• here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining); this place ➜ 何処・其処・彼処
• these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker) ➜ 今迄
• these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker); the next ... ➜ 此れから

noun:

• symbol used in place of a censored word (e.g. blank, circle, X, asterisk)
• turn (in set-type proofing); upside-down character - later printed as 〓

noun:

• muteness; speech impairment
• mute; deaf-mute ［おし・おうし］ - sensitive

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• self-satisfaction (esp. in a nationalistic sense); smugness - orig. used specifically to make fun of Koreans, now broader - slang - derogatory term - From Korean "heolheol"

noun:

• loading a horse with passengers or baggage
• driving a horse into a pen
• Hexacentrus japonicus (species of katydid); Hexacentrus unicolor (species of katydid) - abbreviation ➜ 馬追虫

noun:

• a non-samurai being granted the privilege of wearing a sword (during the Edo period) - four character idiom

noun:

• the "a" column of the Japanese syllabary table (a, i, u, e, o)

noun:

• government position (or office) not specified in the administrative code of the ritsuryo - archaism ➜ 令【りょう】・律令【りつりょう】