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JLPTN1
侵す☆【おかすokasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to invade; to raid; to violate (airspace, etc.); to intrude; to trespass
  • to infringe; to encroach
  • to harm; to afflict; to affect ➜ 冒す【おかす】

酸sanはha金属kinzokuをwo侵すokasu。 Acids act on metals.

あてがうategau《宛がう・宛てがう・充てがう》 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to allot; to allocate
  • to supply with; to furnish
  • to fit to; to fasten to; to apply to
JLPTN1
損なう☆【そこなうsokonau】害う・損う☆irr. Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to harm; to hurt; to injure; to damage; to spoil; to mar

auxiliary verb / godan ~う verb:

  • to fail to ...; to miss one's opportunity to ...

夜更かしyorufukashiしているshiteiruとto健康kenkouをwo損なうsokonauよyo。 You must not stay up late, or you will hurt your health.

JLPTN5
飲む☆【のむnomu】呑む☆・飮むold・服むirr. Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to drink; to gulp; to swallow; to take (medicine) - 呑む is often used metaphorically; 服む is often used for medicine
  • to smoke (tobacco) - also written 喫む ➜ 喫む
  • to engulf; to overwhelm
  • to keep down; to suppress
  • to accept (e.g. demand, condition)
  • to make light of; to conceal

「くれるkureruのno？」「いやあiyaa、ホテルHOTERUでde呑むnomuんですndesuよyo」「だろうdarouねne」 "Can I have it?" "Sorry, I drank it at the hotel!" "Thought so."

あなたanataはhaそのsono薬kusuriをwo飲むnomuことkotoをwo断るkotowaruべきbekiであるdearu。 You must refuse to drink this drug.

酒sakeをwo飲むnomuとto打解けuchitokeてte来るkuru。 As we drink, we open up to each other.

JLPTN4
植える☆【うえるueru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to plant; to grow; to raise
  • to insert; to transplant; to implant; to set (type)
  • to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent)
  • to instill (idea, value, etc.); to instil; to inculcate

母hahaはha庭niwaにni花hanaをwo植えるueruのにnoni忙しいisogashii。 My mother is busy planting flowers in the garden.

彼女kanojoはha春haruにni植えるueruたくさんtakusanのno種taneをwo備えているsonaeteiru。 She has an abundant supply of seeds to plant in the spring.

JLPTN3
腐る☆【くさるkusaru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to rot; to go bad; to decay; to spoil; to fester; to decompose; to turn sour (e.g. milk)
  • to corrode; to weather; to crumble
  • to become useless; to blunt; to weaken (from lack of practice)
  • to become depraved; to be degenerate; to be morally bankrupt; to be corrupt
  • to be depressed; to be dispirited; to feel discouraged; to feel down ➜ 気が腐る【きがくさる】

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

  • to have the audacity to; to be bastard enough to - after the -masu stem of a verb; indicates scorn or disdain for another's action - usually written using kana alone - Kansai dialect ➜ やがる

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to lose a bet - archaism
  • to be drenched; to become sopping wet - archaism

彼kareはhaお金okaneをwo腐るkusaruほどhodo持っているmotteiru。 He's got money to burn.

肉nikuをwo冷蔵庫reizoukoにni入れireなさいnasai。さもないとsamonaito腐るkusaruよyo。 Put the meat in the refrigerator, or it will rot.

天気tenkiがga暖かいatatakaiとto、肉nikuはhaすぐsugu腐るkusaru。 Meat decays quickly in warm weather.

JLPTN4
育てる☆【そだてるsodateru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to raise; to rear; to bring up
  • to train; to teach; to educate
  • to promote the growth of; to nurture; to foster; to develop

すべてのsubeteno兵士heishiをwo一騎当千のつわものikkitousennotsuwamonoにni育てるsodateruカギKAGIはha訓練kunrenをwo強化kyoukaするsuruことkotoであるdearu。 The key to raising every soldier into a great warrior is in strengthening training.

JLPTN1
いたわるitawaru☆《労る・労わるirr.》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to pity; to sympathize with; to sympathise with; to treat with sympathy; to console; to be kind to; to appreciate
  • to tend to (e.g. an injury); to care for; to nurse; to soothe
仕込む☆【しこむshikomu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to train; to teach; to educate
  • to acquire (information); to learn; to cram
  • to stock; to stock up on
  • to prepare (esp. ingredients for brewing)
  • to insert; to build into; to fit
JLPTN3
許す★【ゆるすyurusu】赦す・聴す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to permit; to allow; to approve; to consent to
  • to forgive; to pardon; to excuse; to tolerate
  • to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to release; to let off
  • to acknowledge; to admit ➜ 自他ともに許す
  • to trust; to confide in; to let one's guard down ➜ 心を許す・気を許す
  • to give up (points in a game, distance in a race, etc.); to yield

彼kareがgaどんなdonnaいいii訳wakeをwoしようshiyouともtomo、私watashiはha彼kareをwo許すyurusuことはできないkotohadekinai。 It doesn't matter what excuse he gives me, I can't forgive him.

官軍kangunにni入城nyuujouをwo許すyurusuとtoはhaどういうdouiu了見ryoukenだda。 What do you think you're doing letting the loyalists into the castle?

なんとかnantokaそこsokoでde支えよsasaeyo。入市irishiをwo許すyurusuなna。 Hold them there! Don't let them into the city!

JLPTN2
潰す☆【つぶすtsubusu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to smash; to crush; to flatten
  • to shut down; to put out of business; to force (a company) to close up shop
  • to wreck; to break; to block; to thwart
  • to butcher; to slaughter; to kill (livestock, for food)
  • to kill (time); to while away (the time)
  • to waste (e.g. talents)
JLPTN2
削る☆【けずるkezuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to plane; to whittle; to pare; to scrape off; to erode
  • to cut down (budget, expenses, salary, etc.); to curtail; to reduce
  • to delete; to erase; to remove; to cross out; to strike out

私watashiはhaナイフNAIFUでde鉛筆enpitsuをwo削ったkezutta。 I sharpened a pencil with a knife.

彼kareのno名前namaeはhaリストRISUTOからkara削られたkezurareta。 He was struck off the list.

JLPTN2
もむmomu☆《揉む》 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to rub; to crumple
  • to massage
  • to argue; to have a heated discussion
  • to train; to coach
  • to jostle; to crowd; to shake; to rock
  • to have various experiences (out in the world) - as もまれる
JLPTN2
傾く☆【かたむくkatamuku・かたぶくkatabukuobs.】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to heel over; to be disposed to; to trend toward; to be prone to
  • to go down (sun); to wane; to sink; to decline

そのsonoポールPOORUはha左hidariにni傾いたkatamuita。 The pole inclined to the left.

傾ぐ【かしぐkashigu・かたぐkataguobs.】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

  • to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to heel over; to be disposed to; to trend toward; to be prone to ➜ 傾く
  • to go down (sun); to wane; to sink; to decline ➜ 傾く
JLPTN5
締める☆【しめるshimeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to tie; to fasten; to tighten Antonym: 緩める
  • to wear (necktie, belt); to put on
  • to total; to sum ➜ 〆る【しめる】
  • to be strict with ➜ 緊める【しめる】
  • to economize; to economise; to cut down on
  • to salt; to marinate; to pickle; to make sushi adding a mixture of vinegar and salt

運転者untenshaはhaシートベルトSHIITOBERUTOをwoしめるshimeruようにyouni指導shidouされたsareta。 The driver advised us to fasten our seat belts.

飛行機hikoukiがga乱気流rankiryuuにni近付いchikazuiてteいiたtaためtame操縦soujuu士shiはha乗客joukyakuにniシートベルトSHIITOBERUTOをwo締めるshimeruようyou呼びかけyobikakeたta。 As the plane was approaching turbulence, the pilot asked the passengers aboard the plane to fasten their seat belts.

彼kareはha夏natsuのno熱いatsui時期jikiにniネクタイNEKUTAIをwo締めるshimeruのnoをwoいやがるiyagaru。 He hates wearing a tie during the summer heat.

JLPTN3
動かす☆【うごかすugokasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to move; to shift; to stir; to budge; to change position
  • to inspire; to rouse; to move (e.g. feeling); to influence
  • to change; to alter; to deny
  • to operate; to set in motion; to get going
  • to mobilize (e.g. troops); to mobilise; to deploy
  • to manage (e.g. funds)

下手にhetani手teをwo動かすugokasuとto気付かれてkizukareteしまうshimauとtoいうiu強迫観念kyouhakukannenがga俺oreをwo襲うosou。 I was assailed by the stupid, but unshakeable, idea that if I was imprudent enough to move my hand I'd be noticed.

人hitoをwo動かすugokasu秘訣hiketsuはha話しhanashi上手jouzuであるdearuことkotoよりyori、聞き上手kikijouzuであるdearuことkotoにniあるaru。 The secret of influencing people lies not so much in being a good talker as in being a good listener.

信仰shinkouはha山yamaをwoもmo動かすugokasu。 Faith can move mountains.

JLPTN1
召す☆【めすmesu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to call; to invite; to send for; to summon - honorific language
  • to eat; to drink
  • to put on; to wear
  • to ride
  • to catch (a cold); to take (a bath); to tickle (one's fancy); to put on (years); to commit (seppuku)
  • to do ➜ 召される
  • used to show respect - used after the -masu stem of a verb - honorific language - archaism
JLPTN3
加える☆【くわえるkuwaeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
  • to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
  • to include; to count in; to let join
  • to inflict (damage); to deal; to give

ビーバーBIIBAAはha人hitoにni危害kigaiをwo加えるkuwaeruことkotoはhaめったにないmettaninai。 Beavers rarely inflict damage on people.

母hahaはhaサラダSARADAにni塩shioをwo加えるkuwaeruのnoをwo忘れたwasureta。 My mother forgot to add salt to the salad.

JLPTN1
ごまかすgomakasu☆《誤魔化すateji・誤摩化すateji・胡麻化すateji・誤魔かすateji・胡魔化すateji》 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to deceive; to falsify; to misrepresent; to cheat; to swindle; to tamper; to juggle; to manipulate
  • to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties)
  • to varnish over; to gloss over

トランプTORANPUでdeごまかすgomakasuのnoはhaよくないyokunaiことkotoだda。 It is wrong to cheat at cards.

JLPTN5
働く☆【はたらくhataraku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to work; to labor; to labour
  • to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
  • to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
  • to be conjugated - Linguistics term

彼女kanojoたちtachiはha、健一ken'ichiのnoはからいhakaraiでde、町machiのno様々なsamazamana場所bashoでde働くhatarakuことになったkotoninatta。 Thanks to the arrangements made by Ken'ichi, the women found various places to work around town.

おもちゃomochaコンサルタントKONSARUTANTOのno方々katagataがga甲斐甲斐しくkaigaishiku働くhataraku姿sugataがgaとてもtotemo印象的inshoutekiでしたdeshita。 Seeing the briskly working toy consultants also left a strong impression.

JLPTN2
くっつくkuttsuku☆《くっ付く・食っ付く》 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to adhere to; to stick to; to cling to
  • to keep close to; to go along with
  • to get involved with; to be thick with; to become intimate

泥doroがga私のwatashino靴kutsuにniくっつくkuttsuku。 Mud clings to my shoes.

JLPTN1
苦しめる☆【くるしめるkurushimeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to hurt
  • to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict; to distress; to bother; to trouble; to stump; to baffle

あなたanataはha虚言kyogenでde私watashiはha苦しめるkurushimeru。 Your lies pain me.

JLPTN2
刺す☆【さすsasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to pierce; to stab; to prick; to stick; to thrust
  • to sting; to bite ➜ 螫す
  • to sew; to stitch; to embroider
  • to pole (a boat) ➜ 差す
  • to catch (with a limed pole)
  • to put (a runner) out; to pick off - Baseball term

人hitoをwoナイフNAIFUでde刺すsasuのnoはhaやめましょうyamemashou。 Let's refrain from stabbing people with knives.

身miをwoさすsasuようなyouna寒samuさsaだda。 It is freezing cold.

JLPTN5
話す☆【はなすhanasu】咄す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
  • to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
  • to speak (a language)

目上meueのno人hitoのnoするsuruことkotoについてnitsuite話すhanasu時toki、尊敬語sonkeigoをwo使いますtsukaimasu。 When speaking about your superiors' actions, you use respectful language.

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