auxiliary:

• it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ... - polite language ➜ のです

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• to begin to

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to have the nerve to - after the -te form or -masu stem of a verb; indicates hatred, contempt, or disdain for another's action - derogatory term

adjectival noun / noun:

• serious; not joking; straight - colloquialism - abbreviation ➜ 真面目【まじめ】

auxiliary verb:

• cannot; should not; will not; must not ［まじ］ ➜ まい

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to send; to dispatch; to despatch

godan ~す verb / auxiliary verb:

• to bestow (favour, etc.); to grant (e.g. pardon) - after て form, slightly pompous - usually written using kana alone

auxiliary:

• to be - auxiliary used in place of ある after で or に when forming a copula - archaism - polite language
• to do - auxiliary used in place of ます after a ます stem - archaism - polite language ➜ 候ふ

auxiliary adjective / adjective:

• being too many (to finish or complete); being too much

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• to become; to appear like; to have a touch of; to look like

auxiliary verb:

• to be - affirmative; meaning 〜だ、〜である - archaism
• to be (location) - meaning 〜にある、〜にいる; usu. なる - archaism ➜ なる

noun / suffix:

• sum of money - indcates exact sum on a receipt, envelope, etc.

godan ~む verb / auxiliary verb:

• to make happen (old causative verbal ending) - archaism ➜ しめる

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow wild; to run to waste; to become degenerate
• to become rough (of art, craft, etc.); to lose refinement; to deteriorate (of skill)

godan ~む verb / auxiliary verb / intransitive verb:

• to intensify (of wind, rain, etc.); to become more severe - usu. after -masu stem

auxiliary verb:

• unable to do; impossible to do

auxiliary verb:

• (Satsuma) to be

auxiliary verb:

• to be - archaism

godan ~す verb:

• to adorn oneself; to dress oneself up

auxiliary verb:

• to give an air of; to make oneself seem like

expression / auxiliary adjective:

• cannot help (doing); have no choice but to; am compelled to; am obliged to; it is incumbent upon (me) to - after the -nai stem of a verb

auxiliary verb:

• to be

auxiliary verb:

• to be

auxiliary verb:

• indicates recollection or realization (i.e. of hearsay or the past); can form a poetic past tense
• indicates continuation from the past to the present
• end; conclusion - also written with the ateji 鳧

auxiliary adjective / adjective:

• difficult to ...; hard to ... - after -masu stem of verb ➜ 辛い【つらい】

auxiliary:

• not; un- - literary form of -ない - archaism ➜ ざり

yodan ~る verb (archaic) / auxiliary verb:

• to do - honorific language - archaism ➜ なさる

godan ~る verb / auxiliary verb / suffix:

• to do - honorific language - Kansai dialect ➜ なさる

auxiliary verb / conjunction:

• in order to; for the purpose of

auxiliary / suffix:

• must; should ➜ 可き・可き・可し

auxiliary adjective / noun or verb acting prenominally:

• should not be; must not be ➜ まじ