particle:

• a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun

particle:

• marks object of action, etc. (also adds emphasis) - archaism ➜ を

particle:

• even

particle:

• speaking of - indicates emotional closeness or annoyance with someone - colloquialism
• (I told you) already; come on - indicates annoyance (in sentence-final position) - colloquialism

particle:

• particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information

particle:

• used to create a form of question indicating that the speaker actually believes the opposite is true; emphasizes a determination not to do something, e.g. "Like hell I will!" - male language

particle:

• particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly negates it ➜ どころか

particle / conjunction:

• conjunctive particle indicating a cause or reason ➜ ので

conjunction / particle:

• although; but; even though; I wish that - usu. at sentence end; with nuance of strong discontent

particle:

• sentence-ending particle expressing doubt ➜ か・よ

interjection:

• yes; yeah; uh huh ➜ うん
• huh?; what?

auxiliary verb / suffix:

• not - negative verb ending used in informal speech; abbr. of negative verb ending ぬ ➜ ぬ

particle:

• 's - abbr. of particle の; indicates possessive ➜ の・の
• at (place, time); in; on; during - abbr. of particle に, used esp. when it precedes the verb なる ➜ に

particle:

• indicates emotion - sentence end, mainly masc. ➜ わ

particle:

• indicates means of action; cause of effect; by - more emphatic than で ➜ で

particle:

• even
• even if; even though
• because of; on the grounds that

counter:

• counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi - read as "ka" ➜ 箇【か】
• counter for articles - read as "ko" ➜ 個【こ】

particle:

• indicates possessive (esp. in place names) - read as "ga" ➜ が

conjunction:

• indicates two contrasting actions - form: ...つ...つ ➜ 浮きつ沈みつ・追いつ追われつ

particle:

• indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words) - archaism

particle:

• only; just ➜ 切り【きり】
• since; after - usu. in a negative sentence
• remaining (in a particular state)

particle:

• approximately; about - colloquialism ➜ 許り
• only; nothing but ➜ 許り
• just (finished, etc.) - after the -ta form of a verb ➜ 許り

particle:

• even if; even though - also でも, っても

interjection:

• wow - abbreviation ➜ さても

particle:

• possessive particle - 之 used esp. on tombs, etc. - archaism ➜ の

particle:

• et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth - colloquialism ➜ 等【など】

particle:

• by (indicating means of action); as (a group, etc.) ➜ からして・として・にして・為る
• indicates patient of a causative expression - as 〜をして in modern Japanese
• acts as a connective - after the ren'youkei form of an adjective
• adds emphasis - after an adverb or a particle

conjunction:

• and then ➜ そして

particle:

• (at sentence-end) indicates mild emphasis - archaism

particle:

• strengthens a question, assertion, etc. - familiar language ➜ かい・ぞい・だい・わい

expression / particle:

• isn't it; right?; you know? - indicates emphasis, etc. - Kansai dialect