expression:

• wretched is the lot of a government official; it is better to work for oneself than to work for someone else - proverb

noun:

• witness stand; witness box

noun:

• Chongqing government; Kuomintang government based in Chongqing during the Second Sino-Japanese War

noun:

• library arrangement; organization of books in a library

noun:

• Heijo Palace; Imperial palace in ancient Nara ➜ 平城京

noun:

• risk money; money invested in high-risk, high-return, investments

expression:

• the poor can't afford manners; only when basic needs for living are met can people spare the effort to be polite - proverb

noun:

• token (effort); something done for form's sake

noun:

• Coris; genus of wrasses in the family Labridae

noun:

• wildlife sanctuary; protection area for birds and wild animals

noun:

• shift away from rice consumption; consumers losing interest in eating rice

expression / noun:

• women who excel; women in prominent positions

noun:

• aged paste; microbially fermented weak adhesive for restoration of Japanese works of art on paper

expression:

• jokingly; in the form of a joke

noun / ~する noun:

• advocacy; pleading by proxy; speaking for another; attorney

noun:

• an onerous contract; contract made for a consideration

noun:

• clashing waves; tides in narrow sea straits - archaism

conjunction:

• if so; if it be so; in that case; then ➜ 然らば【さらば】

noun:

• dependent word; auxiliaries and particles in Japanese - Linguistics term

noun:

• Auchenipterus; genus of catfishes in the family Auchenipteridae

adverb:

• piled up high; in a heap ➜ 堆い

noun:

• firelight; shadows or forms moving in firelight

expression / noun:

• a fish on the chopping board; person in a situation where they are rendered powerless - idiom

noun:

• low-class actor (kabuki); actor who plays in low-class or cheap theater - four character idiom

expression / ichidan verb:

• to look angrily at; to look with anger in one's eyes - idiom