noun:

• cursive form of man'yōgana; man'yōgana written in sōsho style ➜ 万葉仮名【まんようがな】

noun:

• abuses of the times

pre-noun adjectival:

• what kind of; whatever sort of

adverb:

• no matter what; however much

noun / ~する noun:

• removal of snow

noun:

• memorandum of agreement on general trade terms and conditions

noun:

• theme of the Imperial Poetry Contest

noun:

• rough fence of bamboo, logs, etc. constructed at battle sites or execution grounds

noun:

• principle of laissez-faire ➜ レッセフェール

noun:

• activities of daily living; ADL; normal activities of daily life

expression / noun:

• fruits of one's wife's labour (in assisting her husband's career, e.g. by running the household)

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to have a hard time of it ➜ 目にあう【めにあう】

noun:

• height of summer

noun:

• raised platform on the bank of a river for enjoying the summer cool

noun:

• style or manner of writing

noun:

• the instruction of a teacher

noun:

• dish of duck meat cooked with cabbage, spring onions, tofu, etc.

noun:

• remains of a dugout (usu. military)

expression:

• of course! - pun on the actual product 前田のクラッカ ー - humorous term ➜ 当たり前

noun:

• worker with a fixed term contract of employment

noun:

• office in charge of the Emperor's meals (ritsuryo system) - archaism

noun:

• advance payment on behalf of a third party (with expectation that it will be reimbursed)

noun:

• means of production

noun:

• the fruit of diligent study

noun:

• 44th of the sexagenary cycle ➜ 干支

expression / noun:

• Ark of the Covenant