noun:

• registration of transfer of shares; entry of a change of holders in the register of shareholders

noun:

• townspeople; townsfolk; commoner; civilian; merchant; tradesman; tradeswoman; tradespeople; artisan; members of the lowest Edo-period social class (comprising commoners not involved in farming)

expression:

• avoiding unnecessary talk can prevent disaster falling on one; there is safety in silence; the pheasant would not be shot but for its cries [literal] - proverb

ichidan verb:

• (for a fruit) to go bad and lose its shape from being overripe or damaged
• to feel listless; to be dull; to be lazy; to look bored

expression / ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to become unrestrained and go to excess; to lose all restraint; to lose one's tension and become relaxed; to let go; to become disorderly; to be scattered; to lose one's self-control

noun / suffix noun:

• training; education; upbringing

noun:

• stocking up; laying in
• preparation (e.g. ingredients)
• girl studying to become a geisha

noun:

• photographer, usually an amateur, who likes to take pictures of models and presenter ladies in exhibitions ➜ カメコ

noun:

• word to soften awkward topics (esp. refusal in business conversation, e.g. "I am afraid that ...") - e.g. 申し訳ありませんが、あいにく ➜ クッションワード

noun:

• Dutch disease; decline in a country's manufacturing sector owing to increased exploitation of natural resources - Business term

noun / ~の noun:

• head; chief

noun:

• chairman; governor; president ［主席］
• top student; head of the class ［首席］
• top seat; first desk (in orchestra)

noun:

• edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document

noun:

• Ganges shark (Glyphis gangeticus, rare species of fresh water requiem shark that dwells in the rivers of India)

noun:

• girl-in-training (e.g. a geisha-in-training or a girl who performs miscellaneous tasks in a brothel) - archaism
• brat; scamp; rascal; jackanapes - archaism - derogatory term ➜ 小童【こわっぱ】
• disciple; apprentice - original meaning - archaism

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to become muddy; to become cloudy; to get impure (of a liquid, gas, etc.)
• to become dull (of a sound, color, etc.); to become hoarse
• to become impure (of a heart, society, etc.); to be corrupted; to be polluted
• to become voiced; to add voiced consonant marks ➜ 濁り【にごり】

expression / ichidan verb / transitive:

• to make an example of; to make a victim of; to hold up somebody (something) to ridicule; to single out someone for criticism - idiom
• to pierce with a spear

noun:

• time; hour; moment - 刻 signifies a time of day; 秋 signifies an important time
• occasion; case ［時］
• chance; opportunity; season ［時］
• the times; the age; the day ［時］
• tense ［時］ - Linguistics term

adjectival noun / ~の noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb / noun:

• remaining unchanged (from the old state of things); none the better for the change (if at all) - four character idiom

noun:

• stepping out of the ring while carrying the opponent over the edge, not considered as a loss - Sumo term

noun:

• attitudinal expression (indicating the speaker's respect, contempt, etc. for the listener or the person being discussed)

noun:

• rite welcoming back the gods from Izumo Shrine (on the last day of the tenth lunar month) ➜ 神送り

noun:

• the eight gods who preside over the lucky/unlucky directions of the koyomi for each year

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to aim at; to have an eye on
• to go toward; to head for

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to squeeze; to wring out
• to narrow down; to refine

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to see through (a plot, lie, etc.); to penetrate into; to discover; to find out

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to not know how to act or what to do; to be at a loss