noun:

• facing one's opponent head-on and winning via overwhelmingly superior strength or skill; match in which a yokozuna overpowers his opponent - Sumo term

noun:

• the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

noun / suffix noun:

• fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year
• academic year; school year
• product year

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to stick (to); to cling (to)
• to stay (e.g. in the office)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to pretend to be tough; to put on a brave front; to whistle in the dark; to bluff

expression / noun / adjectival noun:

• excited; pressing forward; go-go; (in) high spirits; (having) excessive energy

interjection:

• Go!; go-man-go!

adverb:

• connecting; separating

expression / ichidan verb:

• to make a pass at; to hit on; to call out to (in an attempt to seduce) - colloquialism - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; transition
• metastasis; spread - Medicine term
• transition (e.g phase transition) - Physics term ➜ 相転移
• transfer (of learning)
• transference (in psychoanalysis)

expression:

• from right to left; in one ear and out the other
• nice and quick; with speed and address; without further ado

noun:

• mess; sorry state; plight; sad sight - derogatory term

suffix:

• -ways; -wards - indicates direction
• in the act of ...; just as one is ... - after the -masu stem of a verb
• manner of ...; way of ... - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 様【さま】

noun:

• gait; manner of walking; footwork (e.g. in sport)
• characteristic way of moving, keeping the center of gravity low (centre) - Sumo term

noun:

• the easy way; attaining rebirth in the Pure Land through the vows of Amitabha (as opposed to one's own efforts) - Buddhism term ➜ 難行道

noun:

• thousand-day walk through the mountains from Hieizan to the old Imperial Palace in Kyoto (ascetic practice of the Tendai sect) - Buddhism term

noun:

• boss; leader; head
• difficult enemy in a video game, usu. found at the end of a level or game

noun:

• main street (esp. in a capital); main thoroughfare ➜ 小路【こうじ】
• most important of the three classes of highway (ritsuryo period) ［たいろ］ - archaism

noun:

• 007 (James Bond's code in the books and films); double-oh-seven

noun:

• physician in private practice
• town doctor; doctor who served the townspeople (as opposed to the emperor, a daimyo, etc.) - archaism

noun:

• the sky; the universe
• taixu (the great vacuity, in Chinese philosophy, the primordial substance that gives rise to qi) ➜ 気【き】

adverb:

• after all; in the end; when all's said and done
• for the time being; at present

noun:

• combined liquor store and bar; combined off-license and pub (licence)
• drinking alcohol while standing in the shop

noun:

• set an example worth following; take the initiative in doing something thereby setting an example for others to follow - four character idiom

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to hold a memorial service for the dead, praying for their happiness in the next life by chanting sutras - Buddhism term

noun:

• small opening in the side of some traditional Japanese clothing (located where the sleeve meets the bodice, below the armpit) - abbreviation ➜ 身八つ口

noun:

• passing university entrance exams in the last year of high school (instead of failing then taking gap year(s))

noun:

• carrying over a bill from one Diet session to the next, being deliberated by a committee in the interim