expression:

• refraining from offering the (New Year's) greetings during the period of mourning - four character idiom

expression:

• losing everything; coming to nothing; having lost the interest and the principal

noun:

• Southern Cross (asterism formed with the brightest four stars of the constellation Crux) - Astronomy term ➜ 南十字星

noun:

• standard days signifying the changing of the seasons (i.e. setsubun, higan, etc.)

noun:

• neo-Confucianism (based on the teaching of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi) - obscure term ➜ 宋学

noun:

• aureole (of a Buddhist statue; surrounding the body but not the head); aureola

noun:

• incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion ➜ 序でに

noun:

• nut (on the head of a shamisen, supporting the second and third strings) - obscure term ➜ 上駒

noun:

• Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)

noun:

• ceremony honouring the spirits of ancestors (esp. the Bon festival) ➜ 霊祭【れいさい】・盂蘭盆

noun:

• Panthalassa; vast global ocean during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic periods

noun:

• street with tramline; railroad track
• railroading the opponent straight out of the ring - Sumo term ➜ 電車道相撲

noun:

• hoverboard; hover board; fictional hovering skateboard from the Back to the Future series

noun:

• cutting off the head
• shaping the flowers and leaves of a plant

noun:

• province of the second highest rank (ritsuryo system)
• provinces close to the capital

noun:

• being carried away by a current
• drowning in a river; person who drowned in a river
• cancellation; standing up; breaking a promise

noun:

• mob; crowd of people
• background character (in a manga, anime, etc.); mob (in a video game); non-playable character ［モブ］

noun:

• female role (e.g. in film); female part
• occupation deemed fit for a woman
• passive role in a male homosexual relationship - slang

noun:

• being driven to the wall; finding oneself between the devil and the deep blue sea; finding oneself between a rock and a hard place - four character idiom

conjunction:

• if it happens that; if we make ...; if we take ...; if we assume ...

conjunction:

• now that it is as such; since it is as such

noun:

• difference in elevation (between two points in a body of water); head; drop (e.g. of a waterfall); fall distance
• difference; gap

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to plant oneself; to settle in
• to be well-established (e.g. of a religion in a particular area); to have taken root

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to fly through the air; to hurtle through the air
• to strike at something and miss; to fan the air

noun:

• component; factor; item (e.g. in list)
• element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure) - IT term