noun:

• littering, esp. such things as empty cans, cigarette butts, dog faeces, etc. along roads, in parks, etc.; careless tossing away

noun:

• tactics of fighting a technologically advanced adversary with primitive weapons; sole reliance on simple determination (naive spiritualism) in fighting an overwhelming foe - four character idiom

noun:

• skilled engineer (mechanic) who is clumsy in all other matters; person who gets a great kick out of tinkering with anything mechanical - four character idiom

noun:

• special seats and standing-only space in the galley for people who only intend to see one act of a kabuki play

noun:

• daikon (variety of large white Oriental radish, Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) (primarily used in context of the seven spring herbs) - obscure term ➜ 大根・春の七草

expression:

• things depend on how you use them; all things have their uses when they are used in the right way - proverb

noun:

• golden spadefish (Platax boersii, species of Indo-West Pacific spadefish found in Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Philippines); Boer's batfish

noun:

• the Four Home Provinces (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, and Kawachi); obsolete in 757 when Izumi was established as a separate province from Kawachi - archaism ➜ 五畿内

noun:

• the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

noun:

• dried small sardines, etc. used to make fish stock ➜ 煮干し
• person in bank transfer scam whose role it is to withdraw the cash - slang

noun:

• facing one's opponent head-on and winning via overwhelmingly superior strength or skill; match in which a yokozuna overpowers his opponent - Sumo term

noun:

• the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

noun / suffix noun:

• fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year
• academic year; school year
• product year

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to stick (to); to cling (to)
• to stay (e.g. in the office)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to pretend to be tough; to put on a brave front; to whistle in the dark; to bluff

expression / noun / adjectival noun:

• excited; pressing forward; go-go; (in) high spirits; (having) excessive energy

interjection:

• Go!; go-man-go!

adverb:

• connecting; separating

expression / ichidan verb:

• to make a pass at; to hit on; to call out to (in an attempt to seduce) - colloquialism - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; transition
• metastasis; spread - Medicine term
• transition (e.g phase transition) - Physics term ➜ 相転移
• transfer (of learning)
• transference (in psychoanalysis)

expression:

• from right to left; in one ear and out the other
• nice and quick; with speed and address; without further ado

noun:

• mess; sorry state; plight; sad sight - derogatory term

suffix:

• -ways; -wards - indicates direction
• in the act of ...; just as one is ... - after the -masu stem of a verb
• manner of ...; way of ... - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 様【さま】

noun:

• gait; manner of walking; footwork (e.g. in sport)
• characteristic way of moving, keeping the center of gravity low (centre) - Sumo term

noun:

• the easy way; attaining rebirth in the Pure Land through the vows of Amitabha (as opposed to one's own efforts) - Buddhism term ➜ 難行道

noun:

• thousand-day walk through the mountains from Hieizan to the old Imperial Palace in Kyoto (ascetic practice of the Tendai sect) - Buddhism term

noun:

• boss; leader; head
• difficult enemy in a video game, usu. found at the end of a level or game

noun:

• main street (esp. in a capital); main thoroughfare ➜ 小路【こうじ】
• most important of the three classes of highway (ritsuryo period) ［たいろ］ - archaism