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本題に入る【ほんだいにはいるhondainihairu】 Inflection

expression / godan ~る verb:

  • to get down to business; to cut to the chase; to get straight to the point; to move on to the main subject
JLPTN1
沈没☆【ちんぼつchinbotsu】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • sinking; foundering; going down; submersion
  • getting dead drunk - colloquialism
  • having too much fun (esp. in a red-light district, etc.) and missing work or neglecting one's duties - colloquialism
  • staying in one place for a long time - backpacker slang - slang

彼らkareraはha沈没chinbotsuするsuru船funeをwo見捨てたmisuteta。 They abandoned the sinking ship.

船funeはha乗務joumu員in全員zen'inをwo乗せたnosetaままmama沈没chinbotsuしたshita。 The ship sank with all her crew on board.

JLPTN3
転ぶ☆【ころぶkorobu・まろぶmarobu】 Inflection

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

  • to fall down; to fall over
  • to turn out; to play out ［ころぶ］ - oft. as どう転んでも
  • to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize ［ころぶ］ - in early Japanese Christianity
  • to roll; to tumble ➜ ころがる
  • (for a geisha) to prostitute (herself) in secret - archaism

彼kareはha滑ってsubette、すんでのところでsundenotokorode転ぶkorobuところtokoroだったdatta。 He slipped and nearly fell.

転ぶkorobuとtoすぐにsuguni彼女kanojoはha泣いてnaiteしまったshimatta。 On falling down, she burst into tears.

にらめっこniramekko《睨めっこ》 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • staring-out (down) game; game in which two children looking at each other try to make the opponents laugh first
  • constant looking at something (e.g. the computer screen, the clock, etc.)
JLPTN5
横★【よこyoko】

noun:

母親hahaoyaはha赤ん坊akanbouをwoベッドBEDDOにni横yokoにniしたshita。 The mother laid her baby on the bed.

道michiがga濡れていたnureteitaのでnode、車kurumaはha横yokoにniスリップSURIPPUしたshitaにちがいないnichigainai。 As the road was wet, the car must have slipped sideways.

家ieのno横yokoはhaつたtsutaでde覆われていたoowareteita。 The side of the house was covered with ivy.

あの人anohitoはha眼meのno横yokoにniほくろhokuroがgaあるaru。 That person has a mole at the side of his eye.

JLPTN5
返す☆【かえすkaesu】反す☆ Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to return (something); to restore; to put back - esp. 返す ➜ 帰す【かえす】
  • to turn over; to turn upside down; to overturn
  • to pay back; to retaliate; to reciprocate - esp. 返す

suffix / godan ~す verb:

  • to repeat ...; to do ... back - after the -masu stem of a verb

お金okaneはha明日ashita返すkaesuよyo。 I'll give you back the money tomorrow.

戦闘sentouにni携わるtazusawaru兵士heishiたちtachiはha戦闘sentouがga止んでいるyandeiruときtokiにni好んでkononde、平穏無事なheionbujina時代jidaiをwo想いomoi返すkaesu。 Combat soldiers during peaceful moments like to reminisce of their halcyon days.

刈り込む☆【かりこむkarikomu】刈込む・苅り込む・苅込む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to prune; to trim; to cut back; to clip
  • to reap (a crop) and put into storage; to harvest
  • to prune (a manuscript); to cut down
上下【しょうかshouka・じょうかjouka】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • top and bottom; up and down; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends

noun:

  • upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled; the government and the people ［しょうか］
たぎるtagiru《滾る・激る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to boil; to seethe
  • to roil (e.g. waterfall, torrent); to foam; to cascade down
  • to well up (of emotions); to overflow (e.g. fighting spirit); to seethe (esp. blood)
ぶっ飛ばす【ぶっとばすbuttobasu】打っ飛ばす Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to knock (someone) to their feet; to knock down
  • to send flying; to strike; to fling; to fire
  • to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
  • to drive at terrific speed; to barrel along
JLPTN5
休む☆【やすむyasumu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be absent; to take a day off
  • to rest; to have a break
  • to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep; to turn in; to retire
  • to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time; to suspend business

彼kareはhaよくyoku会合kaigouをwo休むyasumu。 He often absents himself from meetings.

老人roujinはha休むyasumuためにtameni少しsukoshiのno間ma立ち止まったtachidomatta。 The old man stopped for a moment to rest.

我々warewareはha、昼hiruはha働きhataraki夜yoruはha休むyasumu。 We work by day, and rest by night.

警察keisatsuがga墜落事故tsuirakujikoのno原因gen'inをwo昼夜chuuya休むyasumuことなくkotonaku調査chousaしているshiteiru。 The police are investigating the cause of the crash around the clock.

洞ヶ峠を決め込む【ほらがとうげをきめこむhoragatougewokimekomu】洞が峠を決め込む・洞ヶ峠をきめこむ・洞が峠をきめこむ

expression:

  • to wait for a good opportunity; to come down on the right side of the fence; to see which way the cat jumps; to wait and see at Horagatoge [literal] - proverb
JLPTN2
伝わる☆【つたわるtsutawaru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along

質問shitsumonのno内容naiyouがga具体的にgutaitekini伝わるtsutawaruようにyouni書いてkaiteくださいkudasai。 Please write in a way that concretely conveys the question.

パクるPAKUru・ぱくるpakuru Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to filch; to snatch; to pinch; to swindle; to cheat (someone out of something); to rip off
  • to steal (an idea, work, etc.); to plagiarize
  • to arrest; to nab; to round up
  • to open one's mouth wide and eat heartily; to gulp down food
こけるkokeru《転ける・倒けるold》 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to fall over; to fall down; to fall; to collapse
  • to flop (e.g. of a play); to be a flop
噛み付く☆【かみつくkamitsuku】噛みつく・噛付く・かみ付く Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to bite (at); to snap at
  • to snap at (someone); to flare up at; to jump down (someone's) throat

ほえるhoeru犬inuがga必ずしもkanarazushimoかみつくkamitsukuわけではないwakedehanai。 Barking dogs don't always bite.

食い荒らす【くいあらすkuiarasu】食い荒す・食荒らす Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to eat up and spoil (e.g. crops); to eat away; to devour; to wolf down
  • to eat a bit of everything
  • to encroach upon; to take over; to steal (e.g. support)
JLPTN2
削る☆【けずるkezuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to plane; to whittle; to pare; to scrape off; to erode
  • to cut down (budget, expenses, salary, etc.); to curtail; to reduce
  • to delete; to erase; to remove; to cross out; to strike out

私watashiはhaナイフNAIFUでde鉛筆enpitsuをwo削ったkezutta。 I sharpened a pencil with a knife.

彼kareのno名前namaeはhaリストRISUTOからkara削られたkezurareta。 He was struck off the list.

JLPTN5
締める☆【しめるshimeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to tie; to fasten; to tighten Antonym: 緩める
  • to wear (necktie, belt); to put on
  • to total; to sum ➜ 〆る【しめる】
  • to be strict with ➜ 緊める【しめる】
  • to economize; to economise; to cut down on
  • to salt; to marinate; to pickle; to make sushi adding a mixture of vinegar and salt

運転者untenshaはhaシートベルトSHIITOBERUTOをwoしめるshimeruようにyouni指導shidouされたsareta。 The driver advised us to fasten our seat belts.

飛行機hikoukiがga乱気流rankiryuuにni近付いchikazuiてteいiたtaためtame操縦soujuu士shiはha乗客joukyakuにniシートベルトSHIITOBERUTOをwo締めるshimeruようyou呼びかけyobikakeたta。 As the plane was approaching turbulence, the pilot asked the passengers aboard the plane to fasten their seat belts.

彼kareはha夏natsuのno熱いatsui時期jikiにniネクタイNEKUTAIをwo締めるshimeruのnoをwoいやがるiyagaru。 He hates wearing a tie during the summer heat.

JLPTN2
冷める☆【さめるsameru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to cool down; to get cold
  • to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to dampen; to fade; to wane
  • to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed

愛aiがga冷めるsameruとto、欠点kettenがga多くooku目に付いてmenitsuiteくるkuru。 Faults are thick where love is thin.

JLPTN3
向く☆【むくmuku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.)
  • to face (e.g. east); to look out on
  • to point to
  • to be suited to; to be fit for
  • to go in the direction of; to lean towards (of a feeling)

北kitaをwo向くmukuとto、東higashiはha右側migigawaになるninaru。 If you face north, the east is on your right.

足ashiのno向くmukuままmamaにni歩いたaruita。 We let our legs do the leading.

JLPTN1
挑む☆【いどむidomu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to contend for

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to go after (a prize, record, etc.)
  • to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to

仏futsu政府seifuはha国家kokka予算yosanのno帳尻choujiriをwo合わせるawaseruようyou納税nouzei者shaにni挑むidomuオンラインONRAINゲームGEEMUをwo売り出しuridashiたta。 The French government has launched an online game that challenges taxpayers to balance the national budget.

JLPTN2
凹む☆【へこむhekomu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be dented; to be indented; to yield to; to give; to sink; to collapse; to cave in
  • to be overwhelmed; to feel down; to be forced to yield; to be daunted; to be snubbed

トムTOMUはha彼女kanojoにniフラれてFURAreteへこんでいるhekondeiru。 Tom is depressed because his girlfriend left him.

路頭に迷う【ろとうにまようrotounimayou】 Inflection

expression / godan ~う verb:

  • to be left without means of sustenance; to be turned adrift in the streets; to be rendered homeless; to be out in the cold; to be down and out - idiom
JLPTN1
仰ぐ☆【あおぐaogu】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

  • to look up (at)
  • to look up to; to respect; to revere
  • to ask for (e.g. guidance); to seek; to turn to (someone) for
  • to depend on; to rely on
  • to gulp down; to quaff; to drink

彼らkareraはha彼kareをwoリーダーRIIDAAとしてtoshite仰ぐaogu。 They look up to him as their leader.

私watashiはha何事nanigotoにもnimo彼kareのno指導shidouをwo仰ぐaogu。 I look to him for direction in everything.

日本nipponはha原綿genmenのno供給kyoukyuuをwo海外kaigaiにni仰ぐaogu。 Japan depends on overseas countries for the supply of raw cotton.

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