godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to catch (a person's words); to make out; to follow; to understand
• to find out by asking

noun:

• foreign-owned enterprise; company with capital participation by a foreign company; foreign-affiliated firm; alien corporation; foreign company

expression / adverb:

• by the end of this year; before the year comes to a close; during this year

noun:

• half-sibling (by a different father); uterine sibling; maternal half-sibling; half-brother; half-sister

expression / ichidan verb:

• to be betrayed - idiom
• to be brought to grief (by an enemy); to be given a hard time - colloquialism - idiom

noun:

• yen-denominated foreign bond; samurai bond; bond denominated in yen issued by a non-Japanese issuer

noun:

• cord used to tuck up the sleeves of a kimono
• sash (worn across chest, e.g. by election candidate or relay runners)
• wrapper band on books, CDs, etc. ➜ 帯紙・帯【おび】

noun:

• three shop system; system employed by pachinko parlours of using separate shops to exchange prizes for cash as a way of circumventing Japan's gambling laws

noun:

• building on the greater palace grounds used by the emperor for viewing horse racing, horseback archery, etc. ➜ 大内裏
• martial arts practice hall at Heian Shrine (est. in 1895 by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, now defunct)

noun:

• Maria Kannon; statue of the Virgin Mary disguised as a Buddhist Kannon statue, used by hidden Christians during the Edo period ➜ マリア・観音

noun:

• 1st in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 1st note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• 2nd in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 2nd note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• third in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; third note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• 4th in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 4th note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• 5th in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 5th note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• 6th in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 6th note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

noun:

• 7th in a sequence denoted by the iroha system; 7th note in the diatonic scale (used in key names, etc.)

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)

noun / ~する noun:

• victimized by the unlucky year; victimised by the unlucky year

godan ~む verb:

• to become sick; to be struck by a disaster; to hinder; to be hindered; to run into problems; to have an accident - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• trifling with; toying with; playing with; making sport of; making fun of; leading around by the nose
• tossing about (a ship)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be drawn in by something wicked; to be won over by something wicked - archaism

noun:

• anonymous scholarship system for orphans whose parents have been killed in traffic accidents (from Daddy-Long-Legs, a 1912 novel by Jean Webster) ➜ 大蚊
• harvestman; daddy longlegs (arachnid of order Opiliones)

noun:

• expanded system of guilt by association in Japanese election law, which stipulates that an elected official may lose his position if someone in his campaign commits a crime ➜ 連座制

noun:

• joint party (e.g. by students from several colleges); combined party; mixer; two or more groups, esp. female and male students, combining for a party ➜ 合コン