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食い下がる^☆【くいさがるkuisagaru】食い下る・食下がる・食下る Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to hang on to; to hang from; to cling to
to hound; to keep after (someone); to refuse to back down; to persist; to tenaciously face (someone); to doggedly oppose
to grab the front of the opponent's mawashi, place one's head against their chest, and lower one's hips - Sumo term

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JLPTN4

噛む^☆【かむkamu】咬む^☆・嚙む・嚼む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to bite; to chew; to gnaw
to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
to engage (of cogs, zippers, etc.); to mesh; to fit together
to be involved in ➜ 一枚噛む
to fumble one's words (during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words
to strongly confute; to argue down; to rebuke; to scold harshly - archaism

彼のkareno ほえるhoeru のno はhaかむkamuのno よりyori ひどいhidoi。 His bark is worse than his bite.

彼kare はha いまima 歯ha がga 痛むitamu のでnode よくyokuかむkamuことができないkotogadekinai。 He can't chew well, because he has a toothache now.

あなたanata のno 犬inu はha噛むkamu？ Does your dog bite?

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JLPTN1

控える^★【ひかえるhikaeru】扣える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to be temperate in; to refrain; to abstain; to hold back; to restrain oneself from excessive ...
to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
to be soon; to be in the offing

ichidan verb / transitive:

to be in a close relationship (e.g. as a backer, etc.)

あなたanata はha 喫煙kitsuen をwoひかえるhikaeruべきbeki ですdesu。 You should refrain from smoking.

僕boku はha ジムJIMU にni 飲みnomi すぎsugi はha控えるhikaeruようyou にni 言っi たta。 I told Jim to restrain himself from drinking too much.

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山越し【やまごしyamagoshi】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

wind blowing down, coming over a mountain

noun:

immediately after one's draw - Mahjong term
winning off a discarded tile from the player to one's right or across the table on the turn after letting one's winning tile go by from the player to one's left - Mahjong term

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JLPTN4

起こす^☆【おこすokosu】起す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to raise; to raise up; to set up; to pick up
to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken
to cause; to bring about; to lead to; to trigger; to give rise to; to create; to generate (e.g. heat, electricity); to produce ➜ 熾す【おこす】
to start; to begin; to launch; to establish; to found; to set up; to open ➜ 興す【おこす】
to plough; to plow; to till
to fall ill with
to transcribe; to write down (what is spoken)
to turn over (a card)

子宮内膜炎shikyuunaimakuen はha、細菌saikin がga 子宮shikyuu 内nai にni 入りhairi、内膜uchimaku にni 炎症enshou をwo起すokosu病気byouki であるdearu。 Endometritis is a disease where bacteria enter the uterus and cause inflammation of the inner membrane.

熱netsu がga 出るderu とto ひきつけhikitsuke をwo起こすokosuことがありますkotogaarimasu。 Convulsions can occur when they run a fever.

お願いonegai ですからdesukara ヒスHISU をwo起こすokosu前mae にni 話hanashi はha 最後までsaigomade 聞いてkiite くださいkudasai。 I'm begging you, before freaking out on me listen to the end of what I have to say.

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JLPTN3

腐る^☆【くさるkusaru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to rot; to go bad; to decay; to spoil; to fester; to decompose; to turn sour (e.g. milk)
to corrode; to weather; to crumble
to become useless; to blunt; to weaken (from lack of practice)
to become depraved; to be degenerate; to be morally bankrupt; to be corrupt
to be depressed; to be dispirited; to feel discouraged; to feel down ➜ 気が腐る【きがくさる】

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

to have the audacity to; to be bastard enough to - after the -masu stem of a verb; indicates scorn or disdain for another's action - usually written using kana alone - Kansai dialect ➜ やがる

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to lose a bet - archaism
to be drenched; to become sopping wet - archaism

彼kare はha お金okane をwo腐るkusaruほどhodo 持っているmotteiru。 He's got money to burn.

肉niku をwo 冷蔵庫reizouko にni 入れire なさいnasai。さもないとsamonaito腐るkusaruよyo。 Put the meat in the refrigerator, or it will rot.

天気tenki がga 暖かいatatakai とto、肉niku はha すぐsugu腐るkusaru。 Meat decays quickly in warm weather.

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JLPTN3

下ろす^☆【おろすorosu】降ろす^☆・下す^irr. Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to take down (e.g. flag); to launch (e.g. boat); to drop; to lower (e.g. ladder); to let (a person) off; to unload; to discharge
to drop off (a passenger from a vehicle); to let (a person) off
to withdraw (cash)
to wear (clothing) for the first time
to fillet (e.g. a fish)

じゃja下ろすorosu。 Good. Now go down with it.

彼女kanojo はha 銀行ginkou からkara 貯金chokin をwo 全部zenbuおろすorosuつもりtsumori だったdatta。 She intended to withdraw all her savings from the bank.

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JLPTN3

注ぐ^☆【そそぐsosogu】灌ぐ・潅ぐ・濺ぐ・漑ぐ Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

to pour (into) ➜ 注ぐ【つぐ】
to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to pour onto; to spray
to shed (tears)
to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to fix (one's eyes) on

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

to flow into (e.g. of a river); to run into; to drain into
to fall (of rain, snow); to pour down

私watashi はha ビニール袋BINIIRUbukuro にni ワインWAIN をwo注ぎsosogi、それからsorekara それsore をwo 氷水koorimizu にni 付けたtsuketa。 I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water.

彼女kanojo はha 自分jibun のno エネルギーENERUGII をwo、そのsono 地域chiiki のno 貧しいmazushii 人々hitobito をwo 助けるtasukeru のにnoni注いsosoiできたdekita。 She has been investing her energy in helping the poor in that area.

彼kare はha 友人yuujin をwo 助けるtasukeru ことkoto にni 全力zenryoku をwo注いだsosoida。 He concentrated his energies on helping his friend.

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落つ【おつotsu】墜つ・堕つ

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze) - archaism ➜ 落ちる
to be omitted; to be missing - archaism ➜ 落ちる
to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind - archaism ➜ 落ちる
to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list) - archaism ➜ 落ちる
to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession - archaism ➜ 落ちる
to fall; to be defeated; to surrender - archaism ➜ 落ちる

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JLPTN2

覗く^☆【のぞくnozoku】覘く・窺く・臨く Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to peek (though a keyhole, gap, etc.)
to look down into (a ravine, etc.)
to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.)
to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at
to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.)

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.); to peek through (sky through a forest canopy, etc.)

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to examine (an expression); to study (a face)

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

to face - esp. 臨く - archaism ➜ 臨む

被写体hishatai にni 気づかれないkizukarenai ようにyouni そぉっとsootto カメラKAMERA をwo 取り出しtoridashi、ファインダーFUAINDAA をwo覗くnozoku。 I quietly take out my camera, so as not to be noticed by my photographic subject, and peek through the finder.

もらいmorai 者sha のno 馬uma のno 口kuchi のno 中naka をwoのぞくnozokuなna。 Don't look a gift horse in the mouth.

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JLPTN5

あれare^☆・あa^obs.《彼》

noun:

that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly) ➜ 何れ・此れ・其れ
that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors)
over there - archaism
down there (i.e. one's genitals) ［あれ］ - colloquialism
period; menses ［あれ］ - colloquialism

interjection:

hey (expression of surprise, suspicion, etc.); huh?; eh?

noun:

that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)

あれareがga このkono 町machi のno 大通りoodoori だda。 That is the main street of this city.

あれareならnara 絶対zettai 大丈夫daijoubu！ Yeah, she must be the sure thing!

あれare？何nani だろdaro？パフォーマンスPAFUOOMANSU でもdemo やってるyatteru のno かka？ Hello, what's that? Somebody doing street theatre or something?

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JLPTN3

振る^☆【ふるfuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to wave; to shake; to swing
to sprinkle; to throw (dice)
to cast (actor); to allocate (work)
to turn down (somebody); to reject; to jilt; to dump
to abandon; to give up; to ruin
to add kana indicating a reading of a word ➜ 振り仮名
to slightly change headings; to change directions
to extract by broiling; to prepare an infusion of; to decoct
to carry with great vigor (e.g. a portable shrine)
to bring up a topic; to lead to a topic
to replace; to substitute
to set up a joke for somebody else

私watashi はha 頭atama をwo数回振ったfutta。 I shook my head a few times.

カズKAZU ちゃんchan、さっきsakki 完膚無きまでkanpunakimade にni振っfuちゃおうchaou としたtoshita でしょdesho？ You were about to dump her flat out, weren't you?

パーティーPAATEII 会場kaijou にni 入るhairu なりnari、サムSAMU はha 食べ物tabemono めがけてmegakete 脇目wakime もmoふらずfurazu突進tosshin したshita。 When he got to the party, Sam made a bee line for the food.

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JLPTN5

押す^★【おすosu】圧す・捺す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to push; to press ［押す］
to apply pressure from above; to press down ［押す・圧す］
to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal ［押す・捺す］ ➜ 判を押す
to affix (e.g. gold leaf) ［押す］
to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel; to influence ［押す］
to overwhelm; to overpower; to repress ［押す・圧す］
to push (events along); to advance (a plan) ［押す］
to do in spite of ...; to do even though ...; to force ［押す］
to make sure ［押す］ ➜ 念を押す【ねんをおす】・駄目を押す【だめをおす】
to be pressed for time ［押す］
to advance troops; to attack ［押す］
(of light) to be diffused across an entire surface ［押す］

ボタンBOTAN をwo押すosuだけdake でde 出窓demado はha あくaku。 You have only to push the button to open the bay window.

シャッターSHATTAA をwo押すosuだけdake でde、最新のsaishinno テクノロジーTEKUNOROJII がga キレイなKIREIna一枚にni 仕上げますshiagemasu。 Just press the button and a clear photo will be produced by the latest technology.

クリックKURIKKU：マウスMAUSU のno「左側hidarigawa」のno ボタンBOTAN をwo 素早くsubayaku「一回」プチッとPUCHItto押すosu事koto ですdesu。 Click: Quickly pushing the mouse's left hand side button once.

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JLPTN4

受ける^☆【うけるukeru】請ける^☆・承ける・享ける Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to receive; to get
to catch (e.g. a ball)
to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
to be given (e.g. life, talent) - esp. 受ける, 享ける

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by) - esp. ウケる - colloquialism - usually written using kana alone

ichidan verb / transitive:

to follow; to succeed; to be descended from - esp. 受ける, 享ける
to face (south, etc.)
to be modified by - esp. 受ける, 承ける - Linguistics term
to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee - esp. 請ける, now primarily used in compound words ➜ 請け出す

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well - esp. ウケる, うける - usually written using kana alone

試練shiren をwo受けるukeruことになったkotoninattaダレン。DAREN.失敗shippai すればsureba、死刑shikei！ Darren is to be put through a trial. If he fails, it's the death penalty!

それsore をwo 発明hatsumei したshita 教授kyouju はha 大学daigaku からkara 相当soutou のno 対価taika をwo受けるukeru権利kenri がga あるaru。 The professor who invented it has the right to reasonable remuneration from the university.

重大なjuudaina 罪tsumiにniついてtsuite はha、指導者shidousha にni 告白kokuhaku しshi なければnakereba 赦しyurushi をwo受けるukeruことkoto がga できないdekinai とto もmo 教えていますoshieteimasu。 They also teach that, for great sins, they cannot receive forgiveness unless they confess to their leader.

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JLPTN5

置く^☆【おくoku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to put; to place
to leave (behind)
to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc); to bear (in mind etc)
to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
to separate spatially or temporally

godan ~く verb / auxiliary verb:

to do something in advance - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone
to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone

薬kusuri はha 子供kodomo のno 手の届かないところtenotodokanaitokoro にni置くokuべきbeki だda。 Medicine should be out of the way of children.

机tsukue のno 上ue にni 寝かせてnekasete置くokuとto 転がってkorogatte 落ちるochiru ことがあるkotogaaru のでnode、試験管立てshikenkandate にni 立ててtatete おくoku。 If you leave them lying on the desk they may roll off, so stand them in the test-tube rack.

彼女kanojo はha いつもitsumo 自分jibun のno 部屋heya をwo きれいkirei してshiteおくoku。 She always keeps her room clean.

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JLPTN4

落ちる^★【おちるochiru】堕ちる・墜ちる・落る^irr. Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze); to be used in a certain place (e.g. money)
to be omitted; to be missing
to decrease; to sink
to fail (e.g. exam or class); to lose (contest, election, etc.)
to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind
to become indecent (of a conversation)
to be ruined; to go under
to fade; to come out (e.g. a stain); to come off (e.g. makeup); to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list) ➜ 狐が落ちる【きつねがおちる】
to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession
to fall (into a trap); to fall (for a trick)
to give in; to give up; to confess; to flee
to fall; to be defeated; to surrender
to come to (in the end); to end in
to fall (in love, asleep, etc.) ➜ 恋に落ちる【こいにおちる】・眠りに落ちる【ねむりにおちる】
to swoon (judo)
to consent; to understand ➜ 腑に落ちない【ふにおちない】
to crash; to freeze - IT term
to die - of animals
to move to the depths - of fish when it gets cold

彼kare はha 試験shiken にni落ちるochiruとto 思っていましたomotteimashita。 He expected to fail the exam.

ゴムGOMU をwo するsuru とto 確かにtashikani 性感seikan がga落ちるochiruのでnode、出来ればdekireba 生namaでdeしたいshitai ですdesu。 The sensitivity certainly drops if I use a condom, so if possible I'd like to do it bareback.

机tsukue のno 上ue にni 寝かせてnekasete 置くoku とto 転がってkorogatte落ちるochiruことがあるkotogaaru のでnode、試験管立てshikenkandate にni 立ててtatete おくoku。 If you leave them lying on the desk they may roll off, so stand them in the test-tube rack.

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Kanji

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© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.

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