noun:

• the Avici hell, the eighth and most painful of the eight hells in Buddhism; Buddhist hell of uninterrupted suffering - four character idiom

expression:

• great human beings never lose the innocence of childhood; a virtuous ruler never loses the spirit of the common people - from Mencius - proverb

noun:

• two departments (under the ritsuryo system: the Dept. of State & the Dept. of Worship) ➜ 律令制

noun / ~する noun:

• permanent staff; permanent employee; service for a fixed period of time - obscure term

noun:

• (Edo era) a daimyo or feudal retainer who lived and/or served in Edo for a fixed period of time - archaism

noun:

• southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south) - archaism - derogatory term
• South-East Asia - archaism
• Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies) - archaism ➜ 紅毛

prefix:

• exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style)

noun:

• (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm) - usu.ナンバ
• food prepared using chili peppers or Welsh onions - abbreviation ➜ 南蛮煮【なんばんに】

noun:

• Tachibana Shinto (Edo-period sect of Suika Shinto popularized by Mitsuyoshi Tachibana) ➜ 垂加神道

noun:

• pre-Jomon period (i.e. the preceramic period) - obscure term ➜ 先土器時代

noun / ~の noun:

• third rank (in the Japanese court system)

noun:

• trinity (Christianity); the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

noun:

• putting the officials and bureaucrats above the people; treating the governors as more important than the governed; statism - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• intermission during a performance (e.g. variety show, play, sumo, etc.)
• temporary departure of an actor (between the first and second halves of a noh or kyogen performance, during which time they change costumes, etc.)

noun:

• rite seeing off the gods on their way to Izumo Shrine (held on the last night of the ninth lunar month and first night of the tenth lunar month) ➜ 神迎え
• exorcism

noun:

• the real pleasure (of something); the real thrill; the true charm
• flavour of ghee; "delicious taste" [figurative] ➜ 醍醐
• Buddha's gracious teachings - Buddhism term

noun:

• Xirong; Rong; inhabitants of the extremities of China as early as the Shang dynasty (1765-1122 BCE); barbarians to the west [literal]

noun:

• Japanese war tuba; pre-radar acoustic locator used by the Imperial Japanese Army

noun:

• the buddha of infinite light (Amithaba)

expression:

• victory depends on the luck of the day (i.e. it isn't always the strongest who wins)

noun:

• rope that ties the lower end of the sail to the hull (on a Japanese-style ship)

particle:

• used to create a form of question indicating that the speaker actually believes the opposite is true; emphasizes a determination not to do something, e.g. "Like hell I will!" - male language

noun:

• aphid; plant louse
• cockroach - Kansai dialect ➜ ゴキブリ
• Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) - obscure term ➜ 油蝙蝠
• hanger-on; parasite
• visitor to a red-light district who's only there to look - archaism

noun:

• hakama for women (esp. hakama worn by female students and teachers in the Meiji period) - archaism

noun:

• Ten'ichijin; Nakagami; god of fortune in Onmyōdō who descends to the northeast on the 46th day of the sexagenary cycle and completes a clockwise circuit, spending five days on each cardinal point and six days on each ordinal point, returning to heaven from the north on the 30th day of the next sexagenary cycle; travelling in the direction of Ten'ichijin is considered unlucky ➜ 陰陽道・己酉・癸巳

pre-noun adjectival:

• such (about something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or about ideas expressed by the speaker); like this ➜ あんな・そんな・どんな

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• reverse movement; retrogression; going backwards; moving in the wrong direction; running counter to (e.g. the laws of nature); running against (e.g. the tide of the times) Antonym: 順行
• retrogradation; retrogression - Astronomy term

noun:

• the point just before; the point of doing; the verge of happening

expression:

• The evil persons are the right object of Amida's salvation; The evil persons have the unique opportunity to go to heaven - four character idiom