noun:

• the sky; the universe
• taixu (the great vacuity, in Chinese philosophy, the primordial substance that gives rise to qi) ➜ 気【き】

godan ~つ verb:

• to let a fox into the henhouse; to do something dangerous; to let loose a tiger in the marketplace [literal] - idiom

noun:

• elevated walkway through the audience to the stage (kabuki)
• honourable end to a career

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to be put at a disadvantage; to get the short end of the stick

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to fan (oneself, flames, etc.)
• to flap (in the wind)
• to instigate; to stir up; to incite; to agitate
• to drive up prices (by buying a large amount of something)
• to take a photo from a low angle ➜ 煽り【あおり】
• to tailgate ➜ 煽り【あおり】

noun:

• Okinawan-style stewed pork cubes; boned pork rib meat, cut into 5 cm squares, stewed in awamori, soy, dashi broth, and sugar - Ryūkyū dialect - Food term

noun:

• Northern Di people; northern barbarians; Zhou dynasty term used by the Chinese to refer to non- ethnic Chinese to the north - archaism - derogatory term

noun:

• mon; one-thousandth of a kan (unit of currency 1336-1870)
• 2.4 cm (traditional unit used to measure shoe sizes)
• letter; character; sentence
• scripture; incantation - abbreviation ➜ 経文・呪文

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to bolt down one's food; to gulp down; to eat quickly ➜ 掻っ込む【かっこむ】
• to carry under the arm; to rake in; to scoop up ➜ 掻い込む

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be crowded; to be packed
• to be complex ➜ 手の込んだ

auxiliary verb:

• to go into; to put into; to remain (seated); to be plunged into (silence); to do thoroughly ［込む］
• to do intently ［込む］
• to continue in the same state ［込む］

ichidan verb / expression:

• to be out of focus
• to be off the point; to not have got the point

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to go under; to pass under; to go through; to pass through
• to dive (into or under the water) ➜ 潜る【もぐる】
• to evade; to get around; to slip past
• to survive; to surmount

noun:

• children's game in which three or more stand back-to-back in a circle and jostle ➜ 押し競べ【おしくらべ】

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to repeat a mistake (of somebody); to make the same mistake as that of ...; to follow the rut (left by someone else) [literal] ➜ 前車の轍を踏む・前轍を踏む

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to encourage to do (something); to urge a person on; to demand action - idiom
• to spank; to give a spanking; to hit someone on the bottom; to beat someone's backside

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to row; to scull; to paddle ➜ 舟を漕ぐ
• to pedal (e.g. bicycle)
• to swing (on a swing)
• to operate a hand pump
• to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to read the situation; to sense the mood

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• scraping; scratching - onomatopoeia

~の noun / adjectival noun:

• hard (to the bite, to the touch) - onomatopoeia

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to dump (e.g. onto the floor); to empty by overturning; to throw out (contents)
• to tell frankly; to confess

noun:

• var. of folksong; var. of koto or shamisen music; medley of (Japanese) songs

noun / counter:

• swing; shake; wave; swinging

noun:

• appearance; behaviour - usually written using kana alone
• pretence (pretense); show; pretending (to) - oft. after a noun+の or verb in the dictionary form - usually written using kana alone ➜ 振りをする

noun / ~の noun:

• going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• move (dance); postures
• lead in (e.g. to a running joke, asking a question); lead up - oft. as フリ - usually written using kana alone ➜ 前振り
• unsewn part of a hanging sleeve on a traditional Japanese woman's garment

suffix / counter:

• counter for swords, blades, etc.

noun:

• not wearing underwear or pants - archaism

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze - esp. 絞る
• to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk - esp. 搾る
• to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
• to extort; to exploit
• to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke - often passive voice ➜ 油を絞る
• to drill into; to train
• to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
• to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
• to stop down (lens)
• to turn down (e.g. radio)
• to bend (bow); to draw
• to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize - Sumo term

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to have the (full, general) selection available; to have (a lineup) from A to Z; to have the full array of

noun:

• written pledge; signed note of assurance; memorandum; legal instrument

noun:

• yehu (bowed Chinese instrument with a coconut-shell body)