noun:

• altering pronunciation or meaning; word with altered pronunciation or meaning
• turning or twisting part of a text (in Chinese poetry) - abbreviation ➜ 転句【てんく】

noun:

• sister-in-law (older)
• older stepsister; older adopted sister; non-blood-related older sister ➜ 姉【あね】

noun:

• sister-in-law (younger)
• younger stepsister; younger adopted sister; non-blood-related younger sister ➜ 妹

noun:

• the 48 basic techniques - four character idiom - Sumo term
• every trick in the book
• the 48 basic sexual positions - colloquialism

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to be choppy; to run high; to swell; to ripple; to billow; to be in discord

expression:

• (whether at) peace or at war; in peacetime and at war; order and chaos

interjection:

• farewell

conjunction:

• be that so; in that case
• however; though that may be the case - accompanied by a negative - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• male coming of age ceremony
• for a woman to shave her eyebrows, dye her teeth and wear her hair in the marumage style after marrying (Edo period)

ichidan verb:

• to begin to appear; to begin to come in

expression / noun:

• savior; saviour; rescuer
• the Savior (in Christianity); the Saviour

expression / godan ~る verb (irregular):

• to be doing; to be in the process of doing

suffix / godan ~る verb (irregular):

• to be doing; to be in the process of doing - with masu stem ➜ つつ

expression:

• (in) various settings; act to act; place to place - often as 場面場面で ➜ 場面

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• wintery

noun:

• atmospheric pressure pattern in winter; winter pressure pattern - abbreviation ➜ 冬型気圧配置

noun:

• hot spring rich in sodium sulfate; sodium sulfate spring

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be worth telling; to be worth confiding in

noun:

• cards in one's hand; one's hand

adjectival noun / adverbial noun / noun:

• splendid; nice; wonderful; delicious; sweet

adjectival noun:

• sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); (by implication) no thank you
• well enough; OK; tolerable

adverb:

• quite; reasonably; fairly; tolerably

noun:

• construction; architecture - archaism

noun / ~の noun:

• rule; regulation
• settlement; conclusion; end; agreement; arrangement
• habit; custom; habitual way ➜ 御決まり
• countenance in front of another person; face - usu. as 決まりが悪い, etc. ➜ 決まりが悪い
• love relationship between a customer and a prostitute - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• pretending to respect someone while in fact staying distant; keeping at arms length; giving a wide berth
• avoiding (something unpleasant); shying away from
• giving the batter an "intentional walk" - Baseball term

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline
• to inform; to give notice; to tell in advance
• to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to curry favour; to butter up; to fawn over; to humour someone (humor); to put in a good mood (e.g. a baby)

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
• or; whether or not - after each alternative
• some- (e.g. something, someone) - after an interrogative ➜ 何か
• hmm; huh - indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles ➜ とか

prefix:

• very - emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective ➜ か弱い

suffix:

• -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y - suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word ➜ 定か

adverb:

• in that way - archaism

noun:

• historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Emishi
• Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) ［えぞ］ ➜ 蝦夷地

noun:

• shower effect (theory that placing high-selling items on the upper floors of a department store will lead to increased sales in the lower floors) ➜ 噴水効果