noun:

• sculpin (any fish of family Cottidae, incl. the bullheads and the miller's-thumb)
• Japanese fluvial sculpin (Cottus pollux)

noun:

• land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took 40% of the year's crop and the farmers kept 60% - archaism - four character idiom

noun:

• Disposition of Ryukyu; forced assimilation of Okinawa into Japan, ending its tributary relations with China and abolishing the Ryukyu Kingdom (1872-1879)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow)
• to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause) - in the form of 身を投じる ➜ 身を投じる
• to invest; to put in
• to administer (medicine); to give

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to surrender
• to take advantage of; to make full use of
• to fit well with; to match with; to be in tune with
• to stay (at a lodging)

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs):

• to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow) - usu. 投じる ➜ 投じる

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs) / transitive:

• to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause) - in the form of 身を投ずる
• to invest; to put in
• to administer (medicine); to give

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs) / intransitive verb:

• to surrender
• to take advantage of; to make full use of
• to fit well with; to match with; to be in tune with
• to stay (at a lodging)

noun:

• all sides; the four cardinal directions and the four ordinal directions
• large hanging lantern ➜ 八方行灯

noun:

• party to welcome (e.g. new employees) and send off (e.g. retiring employees)

ichidan verb:

• to cut up; to cut and discard; to eliminate systematically (in fault-finding); to isolate

noun:

• the palace sanctuary, shrine of imperial ancestors and temple inside the Japanese imperial palace

noun:

• pulling out by the roots; pulling up roots and all

~の noun:

• native born; true born ➜ 生え抜き

godan ~る verb:

• to clamber; to climb with hands and feet; to crawl up; to creep up ➜ 這い上がる【はいあがる】

adjectival noun:

• very hungry; starving; famished - onomatopoeia

~と adverb / adverb / ~する noun:

• fawning; bowing and scraping; being obsequious; being servile; kowtowing; bowing repeatedly; cringing - onomatopoeia ➜ ぺこん
• giving in; being dented - onomatopoeia ➜ ぺこん

noun:

• yellow sand; yellow dust; Asian dust; dust carried on high winds from Mongolia, northern China, and Kazakhstan
• loess ➜ 黄土
• desert ➜ 砂漠

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to weigh one thing against the other; to act in consideration of; to compare and take into consideration

adverb / ~と adverb:

• gradually; by degrees; little by little; more and more; increasingly

noun:

• steps; stairs; staircase; terrace

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to spring up; to leap to one's feet; to jump up and down

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to be ready and waiting for; to be on the alert for - from 手に薬煉を引く ➜ 薬煉

noun:

• (as used in Northern Japan) greenling ➜ 鮎魚女
• (as used in Kochi and surrounds) medaka ricefish ➜ 目高

noun:

• International Covenants on Human Rights; ICCPR
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ICESCR

noun:

• hot springs bath with simulated natural water supply and drainage; closed-loop hot springs bath

noun:

• dried sweet potato; satsuma sweet potato steamed, sliced and dried

expression:

• our debt to our parents is higher than the mountain and deeper than the sea [literal] - proverb

noun / ~の noun:

• China and North Korea; Chinese-North Korean

noun:

• imperial court
• Imperial Court (of Japan)
• middle ages

noun:

• bamboo stick used to strike meditators into greater wakefulness (in Zen Buddhism) - Buddhism term
• striking someone's wrist with one's index and middle finger - esp. しっぺ - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• carbonated alcohols; category of alcoholic beverages in liquor tax law which includes beer, happoshu and other drinks with an alcohol percentage of 10 or less ➜ 発泡酒