noun / ~する noun:

• pretending to respect someone while in fact staying distant; keeping at arms length; giving a wide berth
• avoiding (something unpleasant); shying away from
• giving the batter an "intentional walk" - Baseball term

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline
• to inform; to give notice; to tell in advance
• to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to curry favour; to butter up; to fawn over; to humour someone (humor); to put in a good mood (e.g. a baby)

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
• or; whether or not - after each alternative
• some- (e.g. something, someone) - after an interrogative ➜ 何か
• hmm; huh - indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles ➜ とか

prefix:

• very - emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective ➜ か弱い

suffix:

• -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y - suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word ➜ 定か

adverb:

• in that way - archaism

noun:

• historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Emishi
• Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) ［えぞ］ ➜ 蝦夷地

noun:

• shower effect (theory that placing high-selling items on the upper floors of a department store will lead to increased sales in the lower floors) ➜ 噴水効果

noun:

• overwhelming majority (number of parliamentary seats required in order for the ruling coalition to chair all standing committees and pass bills without the support of other parties)

noun:

• device with axle used to change the backdrop of a (kabuki) play - archaism ➜ 田楽豆腐
• turning something in the manner one would use to cook dengaku-doufu on both sides

expression:

• don't despair because you're the last to take your pick; you can find treasures in leftovers; one man's trash is another's treasure - proverb

noun:

• turnover (of possession) - Sports term
• (metabolic) turnover
• egg cooked on both sides; eggs over easy - From English
• number of strokes in a set time or distance (swimming) - Sports term

noun:

• soup served at the end of a traditional Japanese dinner; last soup served in a Kaiseki course (often miso soup) ➜ 会席料理

noun:

• touch of Japanese; tinge of Japanese; Japanese flavour (flavor); Japanese style (e.g. of kanbun writing, in contrast to actual Chinese)

noun:

• achieving over 300 runs, hitting over 30 home runs and stealing over 30 bases in a season - Baseball term - From English "triple three"

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be moved back (e.g. date, rank, order); to be postponed Antonym: 繰り上がる【くりあがる】
• to be borrowed (of a number in subtraction) - Mathematics term ➜ 繰り上がる【くりあがる】

noun:

• ornamental garden stone (seemingly placed randomly to give the garden a more natural appearance)
• sacrificed stone (in the game of go) ➜ 捨て駒

noun:

• physical labor; physical labour; manual work; heavy work ［荒業］
• drastic move (e.g. hold or strike in martial arts); power technique; display of power

noun:

• land-tax rate during the Edo period, in which the government took 70 percent of the year's crop and the farmers kept 30 percent - four character idiom

noun:

• three ministries (under the ritsuryo system: Ministries of Civil Services, Health & War) ➜ 律令制
• three departments (in Tang-dynasty China: Secretariat, Chancellory & Dept. of State Affairs)

noun:

• red-masked and black-masked gods (folk belief of the Yaeyama Islands); harvest festival celebrating these gods (held in the 6th lunar month)

auxiliary:

• seeming to be; appearing to be - usu. at sentence-end
• like; similar to ➜ ような
• in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that ➜ ように
• indicates hope, wish, request or mild command - as ように at sentence-end

noun:

• form of poetry found on the stone Buddha Foot monument at Yakushi Temple in Nara (following a 5-7-5-7-7-7 moraic pattern)

noun:

• arm glove; arm warmer; sleevelet
• bracelet
• leather thread on guard or pommel of a sword
• hole in the butt end of a Chinese spear

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place)
• to be limited to; to be confined to

expression / ichidan verb:

• to contemplate; to ponder; to think over; to turn over in one's mind; to reflect; to muse; to ruminate

~と adverb / adverb:

• whistling (of the wind); blowing
• fluttering (in the wind); waving; flapping; flying
• tottering; staggering
• aimlessly; wandering about; roaming
• aloof from the world; easygoing; transcendental; detached