ichidan verb / auxiliary verb:

• to make; to let - old causative verbal ending - archaism ➜ 使む・成らしめる

interjection:

• yes; yeah; uh huh ➜ うん
• huh?; what?

auxiliary verb / suffix:

• not - negative verb ending used in informal speech; abbr. of negative verb ending ぬ ➜ ぬ

particle:

• 's - abbr. of particle の; indicates possessive ➜ の・の
• at (place, time); in; on; during - abbr. of particle に, used esp. when it precedes the verb なる ➜ に

expression / auxiliary adjective:

• always; forever - after the -te form of a verb ➜ 止む
• very; greatly (esp. of hopes and desires)

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to receive from another - archaism - honorific language ➜ くださる

auxiliary:

• to be - abbreviation - archaism ➜ である

auxiliary:

• to be - polite language - archaism ➜ である

auxiliary verb:

• used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader) - polite language ➜ ませ
• used to indicate respect for those affected by the action - archaism - humble language

auxiliary:

• please - used to make a polite request or demand - polite language ➜ ます
• used to increase the politeness of a greeting, apology, etc.

auxiliary:

• does not - emphatic; usu. used after -masu stem of verb - colloquialism

auxiliary:

• word used at sentence-end (like a particle) to indicate speculation, volition or invitation - Kantō, Tōhoku dialect ➜ 可い

suffix:

• familiar suffix used after a personal name ［ぺ］

auxiliary verb / conjunction:

• in order to do; for the purpose of doing - contraction of するべく

auxiliary:

• it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ... - Kansai dialect

yodan ~る verb (archaic):

• to come; to go; to be - archaism - honorific language ➜ いらっしゃる

auxiliary verb:

• be; is - usu. after the particle で; forms a polite copula ➜ であります

conjunction / auxiliary:

• without doing ... ➜ ない

auxiliary:

• used in sentence-final position as an indirect prohibition

auxiliary:

• be; is - semi-polite copula - abbreviation ➜ です

auxiliary:

• col. form of deshou - colloquialism ➜ でしょう

auxiliary:

• it is assuredly (that)...; can say with confidence that it is... ➜ なのだ

yodan ~ふ verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to serve (by a superior's side) ［候ふ］ - archaism

auxiliary verb / yodan ~ふ verb (archaic):

• to be - auxiliary used in place of ある after で or に when forming a copula - archaism - polite language
• to do - auxiliary used in place of ます after a -masu stem - archaism - polite language

auxiliary verb:

• will probably be - archaism ➜ んとする
• intending to; will
• should

interjection:

• unh (sound of physical exertion); oof - archaism
• wow; whoa
• yes; yeah; uh-huh ➜ うん

auxiliary verb:

• probably - after a -nai stem
• will; intend to
• would like to have done (for me)

auxiliary:

• seeming to be; appearing to be - usu. at sentence-end
• like; similar to ➜ ような
• in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that ➜ ように
• indicates hope, wish, request or mild command - as ように at sentence-end

auxiliary:

• seeming to be; appearing to be - polite language ➜ 様だ
• like; similar to ➜ 様だ

auxiliary:

• word used at sentence-end (like a particle) to indicate speculation, volition or invitation - archaism - Kantō, Tōhoku dialect
• should; must ➜ 可き

auxiliary verb:

• to not be; to be absent - from classical 無かり - archaism ➜ 無い

auxiliary:

• not - from 〜ずあり; used after a -nai stem - archaism

expression:

• is; are - from 〜ぞあり; usu. as 〜にざりける