upper nidan verb (archaic) / yodan ~る verb (archaic) / lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to fear; to be afraid - archaism ➜ 恐れる【おそれる】・恐るべき【おそるべき】

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze) - archaism ➜ 落ちる
• to be omitted; to be missing - archaism ➜ 落ちる
• to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind - archaism ➜ 落ちる
• to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list) - archaism ➜ 落ちる
• to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession - archaism ➜ 落ちる
• to fall; to be defeated; to surrender - archaism ➜ 落ちる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to lie down - usu. in compounds - archaism

upper nidan verb (archaic) / yodan ~く verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to live; to exist - archaism ➜ 生きる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

• to bring to life - archaism ➜ 生ける

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond - archaism ➜ 過ぎる【すぎる】
• to pass (i.e. of time); to elapse - archaism ➜ 過ぎる【すぎる】
• to have expired; to have ended; to be over - archaism ➜ 過ぎる【すぎる】
• to exceed; to surpass; to be above - archaism ➜ 過ぎる【すぎる】

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to apologize; to apologise - archaism ➜ 詫びる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to be worried; to be grieved; to pine for - archaism ➜ 侘びる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to age; to grow old - archaism ➜ 老いる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

• to regret - archaism ➜ 悔いる

upper nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

• to reward; to recompense; to repay - archaism ➜ 報いる
• to retaliate; to get revenge - archaism

upper nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

• to receive; to get; to be given - archaism ➜ 受ける

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to pass; to elapse; to go by - archaism
• to pass through; to go through - archaism
• to experience; to go through - archaism

upper nidan verb (archaic):

• to worry; to be concerned - archaism ➜ 憂うべき【うれうべき】

lower nidan verb (archaic):

• to grieve; to lament; to be anxious; to be distressed - archaism ➜ 憂える【うれえる】

expression / upper nidan verb (archaic):

• to think of something bizarre; to suddenly have a whacky idea ➜ 奇想天外より来る

upper nidan verb (archaic):

• to act violently (roughly, rashly) - archaism