expression / ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• (a woman) to lose her roughness and become urbane and good-looking; to become experienced in worldly affairs

noun:

• China and Japan
• Chinese and Japanese (languages)
• Chinese Character-Japanese dictionary - abbreviation ➜ 漢和辞典

adverb:

• sincerely; earnestly
• repeatedly; over and over; again and again

noun:

• three-color printing (red and yellow and blue); three-colour printing

noun / ~する noun:

• salt and pepper; seasoning with salt and pepper

noun:

• education in art and design; education in drawing and manual arts - four character idiom

noun:

• electric power producer and supplier (PPS); electric power production and supply

noun:

• head and neck carcinoma; cancer of the head and neck

noun:

• to and fro process; back and forth process; cooperative process; collaborative process

noun / ~する noun:

• going to work and leaving work; clocking in and clocking out

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to raise; to raise up; to set up; to pick up
• to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken
• to cause; to bring about; to lead to; to trigger; to give rise to; to create; to generate (e.g. heat, electricity); to produce ➜ 熾す【おこす】
• to start; to begin; to launch; to establish; to found; to set up; to open ➜ 興す【おこす】
• to plough; to plow; to till
• to fall ill with
• to transcribe; to write down (what is spoken)
• to turn over (a card)

noun / ~する noun:

• patching (up); cutting a part and pasting a new one (e.g. a shoji door)
• cut and paste - IT term

particle:

• -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") - as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs
• doing such things as... - used adverbially
• expresses a command - as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb

auxiliary verb:

• to be ［たり］ - from とあり, after a noun - archaism ➜ たる
• indicates completion or continuation of an action ［たり］ - from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb - archaism

noun:

• black vinegar, usu. produced from unpolished rice
• charred kelp or shiitake mushrooms ground and mixed with vinegar, used to dress raw fish and vegetables

noun:

• the Three Sacred Treasures (Mirror, Sword and Jewels)
• the three essential status symbols (e.g. cellphone, PC and digital camera)

expression / adjective:

• shrewd; smart (and wide-awake); cunning; crafty
• inedible; uneatable
• unable to support oneself; unable to keep body and soul together

noun:

• dried codfish soaked in water for few days, and cooked almost to dryness in soy sauce and water (Kyoto speciality)

noun:

• Tochū tea (high in minerals and reputed to be beneficial for weight loss and in cases of high blood pressure) ➜ 杜仲

noun:

• anticipated questions and answers (e.g. for a press conference, interview or oral exam); collection of hypothetical questions and answers

expression:

• you can't rely on parents and money to stay around forever; money comes and goes; so do parents - proverb

noun:

• southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south) - archaism - derogatory term
• South-East Asia - archaism
• Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies) - archaism ➜ 紅毛

prefix:

• exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style)

noun:

• (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm) - usu.ナンバ
• food prepared using chili peppers or Welsh onions - abbreviation ➜ 南蛮煮【なんばんに】

expression / godan ~む verb:

• never being satisfied with what one gets, and always wanting more; giving someone an inch and having them take a mile; taking Gansu only to want Sichuan [literal] - idiom

noun:

• soup with fried tofu, shiitake mushrooms, carrots, sweet potatoes and daikon flavored with salt or soy sauce and thickened with potato starch ➜ 濃餅

noun:

• small fish sliced open and pickled in a mixture of vinegar, sake, and salt - Food term
• seafood pickled in soy (esp. squid) - Food term

noun:

• 15th day of the 1st, 7th and 10th lunar months ➜ 上元・中元・下元
• heaven, earth and man
• 1st January; New Year's Day

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• ternary - Chemistry term