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JLPTN4
代わり★【かわりkawari】替わり☆・代り・替り

noun / ~の noun:

  • substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing
  • stand-in; proxy; alternate; deputy; relief; successor
  • compensation; exchange; return - usu. as 〜代わりに, etc. ➜ 代わりに
  • second helping; another cup; seconds - usu. as お代わり ➜ お代わり【おかわり】
  • upcoming program; upcoming programme - esp. 替わり, 替り - abbreviation ➜ 替わり狂言

一人で一ninde行くiku代わりkawariにni私watashiはha手紙tegamiをwo送ったokutta。 Instead of going myself, I sent a letter.

二つ折りにした二tsuorinishitaクッションKUSSHONをwo枕makura代わりkawariにni、僕bokuはhaフローリングFUROORINGUのno上ueにniカーペットKAAPETTOをwo敷いたshiitaだけdakeのno固いkatai床yukaへheとto横になるyokoninaru。 Using a doubled-up cushion in place of a pillow I lie down on the hard wooden floor with nothing but a carpet spread over it.

JLPTN4
決める☆【きめるkimeru】極める Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
  • to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
  • to persist in doing; to go through with
  • to always do; to have made a habit of - as 決めている
  • to take for granted; to assume
  • to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
  • to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
  • to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.) - Martial Arts, Sumo term
  • to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs

私たちwatashitachiがgaそこsokoへhe行くikuかどうかkadoukaをwo決めるkimeruのnoはha君のkimino責任sekininだda。 It's up to you to decide whether we'll go there or not.

屋根yaneのno勾配koubaiをwoどうするかdousuruka決めるkimeruのnoはhaとてもtotemo重要juuyouですdesu。 It is very important to decide what to do about the slope of the roof.

どんなdonna組織soshikiであれdeare、内部のnaibuno融和yuuwaとto団結danketsuはhaそのsono組織soshikiのno成敗seibaiをwo決めるkimeru重要なjuuyouna要素yousoだda。 For any type of organisation, internal harmony and unity are important factors in deciding its success or failure.

JLPTN4
済む☆【すむsumu】濟むold Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to finish; to end; to be completed
  • to merely result in something less severe than expected
  • to feel at ease
  • to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry - in the negative ➜ すみません

夕食yuushokuがgaすむsumuとto居間imaへhe移ったutsutta。 When dinner was over, we adjourned to the sitting room.

誰dareのno助けtasukeもmoかりないkarinaiでde済むsumuものmonoはhaいないinai。 Nobody can dispense with somebody's service.

JLPTN4
慣れる☆【なれるnareru】馴れる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become familiar with - esp. 慣れる
  • to become skilled in; to become experienced at - esp. 慣れる
  • to become tame; to become domesticated - esp. 馴れる

ichidan verb / auxiliary verb:

  • to get used to doing - after the -masu stem of a verb

話hanashiをwoするsuruことkotoでde自分jibunをwo曝け出す曝kedasuことkotoをwo恐れずosorezu、英語eigoでde他人taninとtoしゃべるshaberuあらゆるarayuru機会kikaiをwoとらえtoraeなさいnasai。そうすればsousurebaじきにjikini形式張らないkeishikiharanai会話kaiwaのno場面bamenでde気楽kirakuにniなれるnareruであろうdearou。 Don't be afraid to show yourself through speech and take every opportunity to speak to others in English and soon you will feel right at home in informal conversational situations.

私watashiがgaここkokoのno生活seikatsuにni慣れるnareruのnoにni時間がかかりjikangakakariそうsouですdesu。 It seems like it will take me a while to get accustomed to life here.

JLPTN3
台★【だいdai】

noun / suffix noun:

  • stand; rack; table; bench; podium; pedestal; platform; stage
  • support; holder; rack

counter:

  • counter for machines, incl. vehicles

noun:

  • setting (e.g. in jewellery)

noun / suffix noun / counter:

noun:

  • elevated area
  • viewing platform
  • dish tray ➜ 台盤
  • meal - archaism
  • tall building; tower - archaism ➜ 高殿

このkono台daiのno上ueにni花瓶kabinをwo置いてoiteはhaいけませんikemasen。 Please don't place a vase on this stand.

２台daiのnoオートバイOOTOBAIをwo比較hikakuするべきsurubekiだda。 You should compare the two motorcycles.

父chichiのno工場koujouはha毎月maitsuki３万台daiのno車kurumaをwo生産seisanしshiてteいるiru。 My father's factory turns out 30,000 cars each month.

JLPTN3
備える★【そなえるsonaeru】具える☆ Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to furnish with; to equip with; to provide; to install
  • to prepare for; to make preparations for; to make provision for
  • to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with; to be equipped with
  • to be born with; to have since birth

私達watashitachiはha火災kasaiにni備えるsonaeruべきbekiだda。 We should provide against fires.

神kamiはha風kazeをwo備えるsonaeru、だがdaga人hitoがga帆hoをwoあげageなけれnakereばbaならnaraないnai。 God provides the wind, but man must raise the sails.

JLPTN3
通す☆【とおすtoosu】徹す☆・透す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to stick through; to force through
  • to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse
  • to make a path between two points
  • to proceed in a logical manner ➜ 筋を通す【すじをとおす】
  • to let pass; to allow through
  • to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.); to show in
  • to go through (a middleman)
  • to (look, listen) through (a window, wall, etc.)
  • to pass (a law, applicant, etc.)
  • to force to accept; to force agreement
  • to continue (in a state); to persist in
  • to do to the entirety of; to cover all of; to span the whole ...
  • to do from beginning to end without a break - in the form とおして…する
  • to convey (one's ideas, etc.) to the other party
  • to do to the end; to carry through; to complete - after the -te form of a verb

彼女のkanojono反対hantaiはhaあるaruがgaそれsoreをwoやりyari通すtoosuつもりtsumoriだda。 I'm going to go through with it in spite of her opposition.

彼kareはha全くmattaku有能yuunouでde自分jibunのno立場tachibaをwo守りmamori通すtoosuことができるkotogadekiru。 He is quite capable and can hold his own.

彼kareはhaやりyariたいtaiことkotoをwo通すtoosu人hitoだda。 He is a man who will do what he wants.

JLPTN3
加わる☆【くわわるkuwawaru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be added to; to be appended
  • to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate
  • to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence); to grow; to gather (speed)
  • to be applied (e.g. heat, pressure); to be exerted

彼女kanojoがga私達watashitachiにni加わるkuwawaruなんてnante、思ってもいなかったomottemoinakatta。 I never expected that she would join us.

彼女kanojoがga私たちwatashitachiにni加わるkuwawaruなんてnante思っていなかったomotteinakatta。 I never expected that she would join us.

JLPTN3
含む☆【ふくむfukumu・くくむkukumu】銜む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace
  • to hold in the mouth ➜ 口に含む
  • to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour
  • to express (emotion, etc.); to imply

霊長類reichouruiはha尾oのno無いnaiサルSARUだけでなくdakedenaku人間ningenもmo含むfukumu。 The primates include not only the apes, but also man.

全角文字zenkakumojiをwo含むfukumuファイル名FUAIRUmeiのno場合baai、一部ichibuのnoＯＳでdeはha文字化けmojibakeがga生じるshoujiruことがありますkotogaarimasuのでnode、ダウンロードDAUNROODOのno際saiにni適宜tekigiファイル名FUAIRUmeiをwo変更henkouしてshiteくださいkudasai。 On some OS's you get gibberish for filenames with full-width characters so when downloading please change to a suitable filename.

JLPTN3
度☆【どdo】

noun / suffix noun:

  • degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.)

counter:

  • counter for occurrences

noun / suffix noun:

  • strength (of glasses); glasses prescription
  • alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume

noun:

水mizuはha摂氏sesshi０度doでde凍るkooru。 Water freezes at 0º C.

彼女kanojoはha２度doのnoフライングFURAINGUでde失格shikkakuしたshita。 She was disqualified from the race for two false starts.

日本nipponのno子午線shigosenはha東経toukei１３５度doですdesu。 Japan is on the 135th meridian East.

JLPTN2
危うい☆【あやういayaui】 Inflection

adjective:

  • dangerous; risky; hazardous; perilous; precarious
  • in danger; in jeopardy; critical; grave; at risk
  • uncertain; unreliable; insecure; unsteady; doubtful
  • close (i.e. a close call); narrow

危ういayauiところtokoroでde少女shoujoはha湖mizuumiでdeおぼれoboreそうになったsouninatta。 It was a close call when the little girl almost drowned in the lake.

彼kareはha今kon入院nyuuin中chuuでde、生きられるikirareruかどうかkadoukaはha危ういayaui状態joutaiだda。 He is now in the hospital and his life is in the balance.

JLPTN2
整う☆【ととのうtotonou】調う☆・斉うold Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be ready; to be prepared; to be arranged
  • to be in order; to be put in order; to be well-ordered; to be well-proportioned; to be harmonious
  • to be adjusted; to be regulated; to be refined (e.g. of a face)
  • to be settled (e.g. treaty, contract); to be completed

あなたanataのno出発shuppatsuのno準備junbiがgaすべてsubete整うtotonouようyou取り計らいますtorihakaraimasu。 I will see to it that everything is ready for your departure.

JLPTN2
担ぐ☆【かつぐkatsugu】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

  • to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder
  • to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative
  • to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive; to take in
  • to be caught up in superstition

俺oreはha家族kazoku全員zen'inにni見送られmiokurareながらnagara、旅tabi支度jitakuをwo整えたtotonoetaザックZAKKUをwo担ぐkatsugu。 Being seen off by my whole family I shouldered a rucksack, stocked with my trip supplies.

JLPTN2
塞ぐ☆【ふさぐfusagu】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

  • to stop up; to close up; to block (up); to plug up; to shut up; to cover (ears, eyes, etc.); to close (eyes, mouth)
  • to stand in the way; to obstruct
  • to occupy; to fill up; to take up
  • to perform one's role; to do one's duty

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

冬fuyuになるとninaruto気kiがgaふさぐfusagu。 I suffer from depression during the winter.

JLPTN1
問う★【とうtou】訪う Inflection

godan ~う verb (spec.) / transitive:

  • to ask; to inquire
  • to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to pursue (question of responsibility); to charge with
  • to care about; to regard as important - used in neg. form ➜ 問わず
  • to call into question; to doubt; to question - usu. in passive form

彼kareにniもうmou一杯ippaiいかがikagaかkaとto問うtou。 I'll ask him whether he wants another drink.

政府seifuがga住民juuminにni問うtou一般投票ippantouhyouをwo実施jisshiしましたshimashita。 The government put the question to the people in a referendum.

JLPTN1
大方★【おおかたookata】

noun / ~の noun:

  • large part; greater part; majority
  • people in general; general public; public at large

adverb:

  • mostly; for the most part; almost; nearly
  • probably; maybe; perhaps

実のところminotokoro、いかなるikanaruスピードSUPIIDOでde移動idouするsuruにせよniseyo、北極熊hokkyokugumaはha他のtanoおおかたookataのno哺乳動物honyuudoubutsuのno２倍のnoエネルギーENERUGIIをwo消費shouhiするsuru。 In fact, to move at any speed the polar bear uses twice as much energy as do most other mammals.

彼kareのno言っているitteiruことkotoのno大方ookataにni私watashiはha同感doukanであるdearu。 I am in agreement with most of what he says.

JLPTN1
負う☆【おうou】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to bear; to carry on one's back ➜ 背負う
  • to take responsibility for; to accept a duty
  • to be injured
  • to owe

両親ryoushinはha子供達kodomotachiのno教育kyouikuにni責任sekininをwo負うou。 Parents are responsible for their children's education.

彼のkarenoおじojiがga彼のkareno責任sekininをwo負うouだろうdarou。 His uncle will undertake the responsibility for him.

JLPTN1
慎む☆【つつしむtsutsushimu】謹む☆・虔む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to be careful; to be discreet - usu. 慎む
  • to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to abstain - usu. 慎む
  • to be reverent ［謹む］
  • to be purified; to be chaste

相乗りainoriしているshiteiru人hitoはha他のtano乗客joukyakuとtoのno会話kaiwaをwo慎むtsutsushimuべきbekiだda。 People sharing a ride should refrain from conversation with other passengers.

軽挙妄動keikyomoudouをwo慎むtsutsushimuべきbekiだda。 You should behave carefully.

JLPTN1
はまるhamaru☆《嵌まる・填まる・嵌るirr.・填るirr.》ハマるHAMAru☆ Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to fit; to get into; to go into
  • to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to satisfy (conditions)
  • to fall into; to plunge into; to get stuck; to get caught
  • to be deceived; to be taken in; to fall into a trap
  • to be addicted to; to be deep into; to be crazy about; to be stuck on

彼女kanojoはha編み物amimonoにniはまっているhamatteiru。 She is really into knitting.

名義★【めいぎmeigi】

noun:

  • name

suffix noun:

  • in the name of

noun:

  • moral duty ➜ 名分
  • justification; pretext

彼kareはha娘musumeのno名義meigiでde毎月maitsuki収入shuunyuuからkara１万円貯蓄chochikuしたshita。 Every month, he saved ten thousand yen out of his income for his daughter.

卓★【たくtaku・しょくshoku】

noun:

  • table; desk

counter:

  • counter for tables, desks, etc. ［たく］

noun:

  • offering table before an altar (sometimes used in tea ceremony) ［しょく］ - Buddhism term
  • tabletop incense burner ［しょく］ - abbreviation ➜ 卓香炉
甲★【こうkou】

noun:

  • carapace; shell
  • 1st in rank; grade A
  • instep; back of hand
  • the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; plaintiff (label in legal documents) ➜ 乙【おつ】

甲kabutoのno損sonはha乙otsuのno得toku。 One man's gain is another man's loss.

辛口☆【からくちkarakuchi】

noun / ~の noun:

  • dry taste (e.g. sake, wine)
  • a liking for sake; one who likes sake
  • salty (taste)
  • harsh; scathing

辛口karakuchiがgaほしいhoshiiのですnodesuがga。 I want something dry.

浪人☆【ろうにんrounin】牢人 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • rōnin; ronin; masterless samurai
  • waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination ［浪人］

noun:

  • person out of work; jobless person ［浪人］
  • wanderer; drifter ［浪人］ - orig. meaning - archaism
垂れ☆【たれtare】

noun:

  • hanging; something hanging (i.e. a flap, lappet, etc.)
  • sauce for dipping, etc. made from soy sauce, mirin, vinegar and dashi - also タレ - usually written using kana alone
  • (in kendo) loin guard
  • kanji radical enclosing the top-left corner of a character

suffix noun:

  • -ass; -head - used after a noun or na-adjective indicating someone's nature; also ったれ - derogatory term

雲kumoがga低くhikuku垂れtare込めたkometa。 The clouds hung low.

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© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.

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