Results, validity to

to bite at; to snap at; to nibble ➜ 食らいつく
to get one's teeth into (metaphorically); to get to grips with; to really get into ➜ 食らいつく
to hold on to; to cling to; to stick to
to complain; to bicker

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JLPTN2

汲む^☆【くむkumu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to draw (water); to ladle; to dip up; to scoop up; to pump
to pour (into a cup); to drink (together) ➜ 酌む【くむ】
to consider (feelings, the situation, etc.); to sympathize with; to intuit; to understand
to draw upon; to inherit

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JLPTN1

添う^☆【そうsou】副う Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy; to comply with; to live up to ➜ 沿う
to accompany; to go with; to stay by one's side
to associate with (someone); to mix with
to marry; to wed - esp. 添う
to be added - esp. 添う

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JLPTN3

握る^☆【にぎるnigiru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to clasp; to grasp; to grip; to clutch
to make (nigirizushi, rice ball, etc.); to form; to press into shape; to mold; to mould
to seize (power, etc.); to take hold of

成功seikou へhe のno 鍵kagi をwo握るnigiruのno はha 教育kyouiku であるdearu。 It is education that is key to the success.

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注ぎ込む^☆【つぎこむtsugikomu】つぎ込む・注ぎこむ Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to invest in; to sink money into; to put into; to lay out (funds); to inject; to impregnate; to infuse; to instill; to implant; to imbue; to focus (attention, efforts)

そのsono 学者gakusha はha なけなしのnakenashino 金kin をwo 全部zenbu 本hon にniつぎこんだtsugikonda。 The scholar spent what little money he had on books.

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パクるPAKUru・ぱくるpakuru Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to filch; to snatch; to pinch; to swindle; to cheat (someone out of something); to rip off
to steal (an idea, work, etc.); to plagiarize
to arrest; to nab; to round up
to open one's mouth wide and eat heartily; to gulp down food

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JLPTN3

囲む^★【かこむkakomu・かごむkagomu^obs.】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to surround; to encircle; to enclose; to fence; to wall in
to besiege; to lay siege to
to play (go, shogi, etc.)

赤丸丸でde囲むkakomu。 Circle in red pencil.

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JLPTN2

争う^★【あらそうarasou】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to compete; to contest; to contend
to quarrel; to argue; to dispute; to be at variance; to oppose
to deny (e.g. evidence) - usu. in negative form ➜ 争えない

１０チームCHIIMU がga 賞shou をwo 得ようeyou とto争ったarasotta。 Ten teams competed for the prize.

そのsono 囚人shuujin 達tachi はha まるでmarude 狂人kyoujin のようにnoyouni 互いにtagaini争ったarasotta。 The prisoners fought one another like so many mad people.

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JLPTN1

整える^☆【ととのえるtotonoeru】調える・斉える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to put in order; to arrange; to tidy up; to straighten; to adjust; to fix - esp. 整える
to get ready; to prepare; to arrange; to supply; to assemble; to buy - esp. 調える
to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage); to settle - esp. 調える

私watashi はha 文bun をwo 書くkaku 前mae にni 頭atama のno 中naka でde整えるtotonoeruことにしているkotonishiteiru。 I make a point of arranging sentences in my mind before writing them down.

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JLPTN4

焼く^☆【やくyaku】燬く^old・焚く^old Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to burn
to roast; to broil; to grill; to bake; to toast; to barbecue
to heat; to heat up
to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake; to fire; to burn
to tan (i.e. suntan); to burn ➜ 灼く【やく】
to print (a photo); to burn (an optical disc)
to be jealous of; to be envious of; to envy ➜ 妬く【やく】

母haha はha 日曜日nichiyoubi にはniha クッキーKUKKII をwo焼くyaku。 Mother bakes cookies on Sundays.

windowXPにはniha ＣＤＣＤをwo焼くyaku機能kinou がga あるaru そうsou ですdesu がga、そのsono 手順tejun をwo 解説kaisetsu しているshiteiru ページPEEJI をwo 教えてoshiete くださいkudasai。 I hear that you can burn CDs with Windows XP; could you tell me a website that explains the procedures involved?

多くooku のno 人hito がga、スポンジSUPONJI ケーキKEEKI をwo焼くyakuのno はha 難しいmuzukashii とto 考えkangae てte いるiru。しかしながらshikashinagara、十分juubun なna 量ryou のno 卵tamago をwo 使用shiyou すれsure ばba、実際jissai 何nani もmo 失敗shippai するsuru ようyou なna ことkoto はha ないnai。 Many people think that sponge cake is difficult to bake, but if you use enough eggs, nothing can really go wrong.

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JLPTN3

進める^☆【すすめるsusumeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to advance; to move forward; to put (a clock, watch) forward
to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to make progress in; to further; to advance; to hasten; to speed up
to raise; to elevate; to promote; to develop; to stimulate (e.g. one's appetite)

調べshirabe をwo進めるsusumeruうちuchi にni、頭蓋骨zugaikotsu がga、何かnanika 重いomoi 一撃ichigeki をwo 受けてukete 打ち砕かれているuchikudakareteiru のno がga 明らかになったakirakaninatta。 Closer examination revealed that the skull had been crushed by some heavy blow.

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JLPTN1

痛める^☆【いためるitameru】傷める^☆ Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to hurt; to injure; to cause pain - usu. 痛める
to harm; to damage; to spoil - usu. 傷める
to worry; to bother; to be grieved over; to afflict - usu. 痛める
to cause financial loss; to hurt one's pocket - usu. 痛める

転んでkoronde 手首tekubi をwo痛めましたitamemashita。 I fell down and hurt my wrist.

美代子miyoko はha ずい分zuibun 長い間nagaima 片想いkataomoi をwo 続けていたtsuzuketeita。さぞかしsazokashi 胸mune をwoいためていたitameteitaことkoto だろうdarou。 Miyoko carried a torch so long, I think it gave her heartburn.

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JLPTN4

治す^☆【なおすnaosu】直す^☆ Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to cure; to heal - usu. 治す
to fix; to correct; to repair - usu. 直す

auxiliary verb:

to do over again - after -masu base of verb; usu. 直す
to replace; to put back as it was - usu. 直す - Kansai dialect
to convert (into a different state); to transform - usu. 直す

風邪kaze をwo治すnaosuのにnoni三週間shuukan かかりましたkakarimashita。 It took me three weeks to get over the flu.

直すnaosuのにnoni、どのくらいdonokurai 時間がかかりますjikangakakarimasu かka。 How long does it take to alter it?

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JLPTN3

付ける^☆【つけるtsukeru】着ける^☆・附ける Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to attach; to join; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment)
to furnish (a house with)
to wear; to put on
to keep a diary; to make an entry
to appraise; to set (a price)
to allot; to budget; to assign
to bring alongside
to place (under guard or doctor)
to follow; to shadow ➜ 跡をつける
to load; to give (courage to)
to keep (an eye on)
to establish (relations or understanding)
to turn on (light) ➜ 点ける
to produce flowers; to produce fruit - of a plant

ほかにhokani 値ne をwoつけるtsukeru人hito はha いませんimasen かka。 Is anyone else bidding?

私watashi はha ひざhiza をwo 曲げmage ずzu にni 両方ryouhou のno 手のひらtenohira をwo 床yuka にni付けるtsukeruことkoto がga できるdekiru。 I can place the palms of my hands on the floor without bending my knees.

「おとこotoko」とto付けるtsukeruとto 商品shouhin はhaブレイクBUREIKUするsuru。 Add "Men" and the goods take off.

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JLPTN3

収める^☆【おさめるosameru】納める^☆ Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to dedicate; to make an offering; to pay (fees)
to supply
to store
to finish; to bring to a close
to restore (something to its place)
to achieve (e.g. a result)

彼のkareno ようなyouna 能力nouryoku のno あるaru 人hito がga 成功seikou をwoおさめるosameruのno はha 当然のことtouzennokoto だda。 It is no wonder that a man of his ability is so successful.

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JLPTN2

巻く^☆【まくmaku】捲く Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to wind; to coil; to roll; to wear (e.g. turban, scarf)
to envelope; to shroud - usu. 巻かれる
to outflank; to skirt
to link (verse) ➜ 付合【つけあい】

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

to move ahead (three hours, etc.); to move up

時計tokei のno ネジNEJI をwoまくmakuのno をwo 忘れたwasureta のでnode、とまってtomatte しまったshimatta。 I forgot to wind my watch up, so it stopped.

ヘビHEBI がga とぐろtoguro をwo巻くmaku。 The snake coils itself up.

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収む【おさむosamu】納む

lower nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

to dedicate; to make an offering; to pay (fees) - archaism
to supply - archaism
to store - archaism
to finish; to bring to a close - archaism
to restore (something to its place) - archaism
to achieve (e.g. a result) - archaism

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JLPTN1

凌ぐ^☆【しのぐshinogu】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to stave off (e.g. starvation)
to pull through; to get over; to survive
to surpass; to outdo; to excel; to eclipse; to defy; to slight

このkono 新車shinsha はha 他車takuruma をwoしのぐshinoguだろうdarou。 This new car will put other cars to shame.

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JLPTN4

打つ^★【うつutsu】 Inflection

godan ~つ verb / transitive:

to hit; to strike; to knock; to beat; to punch; to slap; to tap; to bang; to clap; to pound - also written as 拍つ, 搏つ, 撲つ, 擣つ
to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (a drum, etc.)
to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.)
to move; to impress; to touch
to drive in; to hammer in; to put in; to inject
to type; to send; to transmit
to insert; to write in; to mark
to make (noodles, etc.); to prepare
to till (soil)
to sprinkle; to throw; to cast
to do; to carry out; to play; to perform; to engage in (gambling, etc.)
to pay (a deposit, etc.)
to visit (on a pilgrimage)
to line (a coat)
to bind (a criminal)

８時ji をwo ちょうどchoudo打ちましたuchimashitaねne。 It has just struck eight, hasn't it?

ＡＬＳのno ためにtameni、彼kare のno 手te やya 腕ude はha ペンPEN をwo 握ったりnigittari タイプTAIPU をwo打ったりuttariするsuru ことができないkotogadekinai ほどhodo 弱くyowaku なってnatte しまっていたshimatteita。 ALS had made his hands and arms too weak to hold a pen or to type.

インシュリンINSHURIN をwo打つutsuのでnode 彼女kanojo はha 太っていたfutotteita。 The insulin was making her fat.

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JLPTN1

固める^★【かためるkatameru】堅める Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to harden; to freeze; to strengthen; to solidify; to make (a fist); to tramp down (snow, dirt) ➜ 土を固める【つちをかためる】
to put together; to collect; to gather; to consolidate
to make secure; to stabilize; to settle down; to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.); to establish (evidence) ➜ 身を固める【みをかためる】
to fortify; to reinforce; to support ➜ 国境を固める【こっきょうをかためる】・嘘で固める【うそでかためる】
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.) - in the form に身をかためる
to swear; to resolutely vow; to sincerely promise
to tie tightly; to fasten
to hold a bow fully drawn

砂利jari をwo セメントSEMENTO でde固めるkatameru必要hitsuyou がga あるaru。 We need to bind gravel with cement.

気宇kiu 壮大なsoudaina 計画keikaku もmo いいii けれどkeredo、まずmazuはha 自分jibun のno 足元ashimoto をwo固めるkatameruことkoto からkara 始めてhajimete ほしいhoshii よyo。 It's fine to make grandiose plans, but I'd like you to start with what you have on your plate.

基礎kiso をwo固めるkatameruことkoto はha 大切taisetsu ですdesu。 It is important to strengthen the foundation.

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JLPTN4

合う^★【あうau・おうou^irr.】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to come together; to merge; to unite; to meet
to fit; to match; to suit; to agree with; to be correct
to be profitable; to be equitable

suffix / godan ~う verb:

to do ... to each other; to do ... together - after the -masu stem of a verb

このkono 白いshiroi コートKOOTO はha あなたanata にni よくyoku合うauでしょうdeshou。 This white coat will look very nice on you.

電話denwa のno 発明hatsumei がga 遠くのtookuno 人hito とto 伝達dentatsu しshi合うauのno をwo 可能kanou にni したshita。 The invention of the telephone made it possible to communicate with people far away.

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