noun:

• national language
• Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan) ➜ 国語科
• native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to drain; to pour; to spill; to shed (blood, tears) ➜ 涙を流す
• to wash away
• to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to broadcast; to beam
• to cruise (e.g. taxi)
• to float; to set adrift
• to call off (a meeting, etc.)
• to exile; to banish

noun:

• fishing; angling
• change (e.g. for a purchase) - usually written using kana alone - abbreviation ➜ 釣り銭

noun / ~する noun:

• trolling; writing false posts online - slang

~の noun / adjectival noun / noun:

• reverse; opposite

adjectival noun / noun:

• converse (of a hypothesis, etc.)

prefix noun:

• inverse (function) - Mathematics term

godan ~す verb:

• to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
• to go over (e.g. with audience)
• to pass time (e.g. a winter)
• to surpass; to be better than; to exceed - often 超す
• to move house
• to go; to come - honorific language ➜ お越し

noun:

• title; subject; theme; topic
• problem (on a test); question

suffix noun / counter:

• counter for questions (on a test)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair, height, grass, etc.)
• to straighten out; to be flattened; to become smooth
• to spread (of paint, cream, etc.)
• to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
• to lose elasticity; to become slack; to become soggy (e.g. noodles)
• to make progress; to develop; to expand; to increase; to improve ［伸びる］
• to be exhausted; to be groggy; to pass out; to collapse ［伸びる］
• to be prolonged (meeting, life span, etc.); to be extended (e.g. deadline); to lengthen (e.g. of the days) ［延びる］
• to be postponed; to be delayed; to be put off ［延びる］

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to encourage; to urge ［勧める・奨める］
• to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest - esp. 薦める
• to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.) ［勧める・奨める］

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to get drunk; to become intoxicated
• to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated
• to be elated; to be exalted; to be spellbound; to be in raptures

noun:

• tunnel

~する noun:

• to tunnel (through a potential barrier) - Physics term

noun / ~する noun:

• letting a grounder go through one's legs - Baseball term

noun:

• place; spot; space
• field; discipline; sphere; realm
• occasion; situation ➜ その場
• scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
• session (of the stock market)
• area in which cards are laid out (in a card game)
• round (i.e. east, south, etc.) - Mahjong term ➜ 東場・南場・西場・北場
• field - Physics term
• field (gestalt psychology)

noun:

• path

noun / ~する noun:

• pass (e.g. skipping a move, passing an examination, ticket to allow entry, etc.)
• pass - Sports term

noun / ~する noun:

• formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence
• conclusion (e.g. of a deal); approval; completion; arrangement
• being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding; applying

noun / ~の noun:

• amateur; layman; ordinary person; novice Antonym: 玄人【くろうと】

noun:

• respectable woman (not a prostitute, hostess, geisha, etc.) ➜ 玄人【くろうと】
• unlicensed prostitute - archaism - Kyōto dialect ➜ 私娼

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to stuff; to shove

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to plunge into; to charge into; to rush into; to ram into; to crash into
• to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to get to the heart (of something)

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to press (someone) about; to point out (e.g. an inconsistency); to question sharply; to grill
• to get involved with; to meddle in; to poke one's nose into ➜ 首を突っ込む

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to riposte; to retort; to quip

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to run into; to collide with; to crash into; to bump against
• to come to the end of (a street)
• to run into (difficulties, problems, etc.); to run up against

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to calm down; to compose oneself; to regain presence of mind
• to calm down; to settle down; to die down; to become stable; to abate
• to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in
• to be settled; to be fixed; to have been reached - of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.
• to harmonize with; to harmonise with; to match; to suit; to fit
• to be unobtrusive; to be quiet; to be subdued - usu. used pronominally as 落ち着いた ➜ 落ち着いた【おちついた】

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to draw back; to sink; to cave in
• to be set back (e.g. from a road)
• to withdraw (e.g. from the public eye); to retire to (somewhere); to stay indoors; to butt out; to stay out of it

noun:

• model; dummy; mock-up
• model (profession); fashion model
• model (of a car, etc.); make; version
• model; example; template; standard
• model (in model theory); theory
• person a fictional character was modeled on; inspiration

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to crash into
• to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand)
• to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)

noun / ~する noun:

• advance arrangements; preparatory meeting; briefing session
• overlap (of a coat, etc.)
• making something match exactly - archaism

noun:

• combination; assortment; set
• matching (in a contest); pairing
• combination - Mathematics term

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to fold (clothes, umbrella)
• to close (a shop, business)
• to vacate

noun:

• zero (points, marks); no marks
• zero (of a function); root - Mathematics term
• zero degrees (Celsius); freezing point ➜ 零度

noun / prefix:

• rag; scrap; tattered clothes
• fault (esp. in a pretense, pretence); defect

adjectival noun:

• run-down; shabby; junky