expression / prefix:

• to allow oneself to ...; to take the liberty of ... - with noun+する or noun+をverb

expression:

• it is presumed that; (I, we) presume that
• on one's own accord; by one's arbitrary decision ➜ 勝手に

noun:

• hanger-on; dependent
• someone who is received coldly
• third, fourth, fifth, etc. sons (during the Edo period when only the oldest male could inherit an estate) - familiar language

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to stop (doing something); to cease; to put aside
• to leave as is; to leave alone
• to exclude; to except ➜ を措いて【をおいて】

noun:

• visitor
• person born later than oneself; one's junior
• future ➜ 往者

expression:

• natural state; being unspoilt by human touch; willows are green, flowers are crimson [literal] - from a quote by Su Shi - idiom
• spring is beautiful - proverb
• things are different by nature; all things have their characteristics - proverb

noun:

• Eiroku-period swordsmithing school, named for a place in the old Higo province
• sword of the Dotanuki school, usually thicker and heavier than regular Japanese swords
• in fiction, a heavier variant of Japanese sword

adjective:

• impious; profane; sacrilegious
• too good; more than one deserves; unworthy of
• wasteful

noun:

• rising intonation; upward inflection
• rising (sales, tendency, etc.); getting better; improvement
• feet-first somersault hanging from the horizontal bar ➜ 逆上がり

particle:

• I wonder - at sentence end
• should I?; is it? - at sentence end
• I wish that; I hope that - at sentence end; with a negative

particle:

• approximately; about - colloquialism ➜ 許り
• only; nothing but ➜ 許り
• just (finished, etc.) - after the -ta form of a verb ➜ 許り

adjective:

• smelling burnt; smelling scorched
• smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if military action seems about to happen); war is looming
• suspicious; dubious; questionable

noun:

• private secretary
• flunky; someone who is always following around someone of high rank - derogatory term
• someone who carries a bag for someone; luggage carrier; carrying a bag

noun:

• one chance; only opportunity - abbreviation ➜ ワンチャンス
• maybe; perhaps; there is a chance that - slang
• one-night stand - slang

noun / ~の noun:

• middle of the road; centrism; moderation; golden mean

noun:

• the middle (of what one is doing); half-way
• middle way; middle path - Buddhism term

noun:

• carton (e.g. of cigarettes)
• tray (in which money is placed when paying); dish
• pasteboard ［カルトン］ - From French "carton"

expression / ichidan verb:

• to greet; to call out (to); to start talking (to)
• to invite; to get in touch (with); to give a shout (to); to let (somebody) know (one is in the area or has time to meet, etc.)
• to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to try to ...; to be about to do ... - after the volitional form of verb
• to decide to ... - after the dictionary form of verb
• to take as; to treat as; to regard as
• to use for
• to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume
• to decide that; to think that
• to make into; to change into
• to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like
• to intend; to have the intention - with を目的

noun / suffix noun:

• charge; cost; price
• generation; age; reign
• era - Geology term
• a representative of; on behalf of; for (someone) - after someone's name or title
• used after a phone number to indicate that it is a switchboard number ➜ 代表電話番号

counter:

• counter for decades of ages, eras, etc.
• counter for generations (of inheritors to a throne, etc.)
• proxy application company - abbreviation ➜ 代理申請会社

noun:

• pronoun - used in dictionaries, etc. - abbreviation ➜ 代名詞

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

• to play; to enjoy oneself; to have a good time
• to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.)
• to be idle; to do nothing; to be unused
• to go to (for pleasure or for study) - as 〜に遊ぶ
• to intentionally throw a ball to lower the batter's concentration - Baseball term

~の noun / noun:

• ordinary; common; usual
• free of charge - only 只
• unaffected; as is; safe - usu. as ただでは...

adverb:

• only; merely; just; simply

conjunction:

• but; however; nevertheless - esp. 但

noun:

• ruffian; villain; knave; thief; suspicious fellow
• peculiar person; idiosyncratic person; stubborn fellow
• tricky thing; something that is more than it seems
• expert; master; highly skilled person
• goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre; specter

prefix:

• the large part of
• big; large; great

suffix:

• approximate size; no larger than
• -university - abbreviation ➜ 大学

noun:

• large (e.g. serving size); loud (e.g. volume setting)

particle:

• too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
• both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) - as ＡもＢも
• even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than - used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.
• even if; even though; although; in spite of - often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.

adverb:

• further; more; again; another; the other - colloquialism - abbreviation ➜ もう

adjective:

• slow; time-consuming; sluggish ［遅い・鈍い・遲い］
• late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); until a time far into the day or night ［遅い・晩い・遲い］
• later (than expected or usual); late; behind schedule; behind time; tardy; overdue; unpunctual ［遅い・晩い・遲い］
• too late; having missed the boat ［遅い・晩い・遲い］
• dull; stupid ［遅い・鈍い・遲い］ - archaism

noun:

• opposite side; bottom; other side; side hidden from view; undersurface; reverse side Antonym: 表【おもて】
• rear; back; behind
• lining; inside
• in the shadows; behind the scenes; offstage; behind one's back
• more (to something than meets the eye); hidden side (e.g. of one's personality); unknown circumstances; different side
• proof ➜ 裏付け
• opposite (of a prediction, common sense, etc.); contrary ➜ 裏をかく
• inverse (of a hypothesis, etc.)
• bottom (of an inning); last half (of an inning) - Baseball term Antonym: 表【おもて】