godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to stave off (e.g. starvation)
• to pull through; to get over; to survive
• to surpass; to outdo; to excel; to eclipse; to defy; to slight

noun:

• exception; exclusion

~する noun:

• to omit; to disallow (e.g. in a sport after a rule is broken); to reject (e.g. faulty product); to eject; to expel; to throw out

noun:

• memorandum of agreement; agreement; memorandum of understanding; MOU; letter of intent; heads of agreement

numeric:

• one-tenth; one percent (one-tenth of a wari); 3 mm (one-tenth of a sun); 2.4 mm (one-tenth of a mon, a traditional unit used to measure shoe sizes); 0.1 degree (one-tenth of a do, used to measure body temperature on any temperature scale)

noun:

• one-quarter of a ryou (obsolete unit of currency)
• thickness
• advantageous circumstances
• one-tenth of a monme of silver ➜ 匁【もんめ】

noun:

• sense of fulfillment; sense of completeness; sense of accomplishment; sense of contentment

noun:

• means of communication; media of communication; organ of communication; tool of communication

noun:

• the respective (relative) strength of political parties; distribution of the number of parliamentary seats held by each of the political parties - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• staring-out (down) game; game in which two children looking at each other try to make the opponents laugh first
• constant looking at something (e.g. the computer screen, the clock, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• landing; unloading (e.g. a ship) ➜ 陸揚げ

noun:

• catch (of fish); takings ➜ 漁獲量
• sales (of a shop) ➜ 売上高

noun / ~する noun:

• defloration (e.g. of a geisha)
• preservation (of cut flowers, in ikebana)

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

• to call out (to); to call; to invoke
• to summon (a doctor, etc.)
• to invite
• to designate; to name; to brand
• to garner (support, etc.); to gather
• to take as one's wife - archaism ➜ 娶る

noun / suffix noun:

• set (of items) - pronounced ぐみ as a suffix
• group (of people); class (of students); company (esp. construction); family (i.e. mafia); team

noun:

• typesetting; composition

noun / ~する noun:

• improvement (e.g. in skill, ability); advance; progress
• communication of opinions of the general populace to those of high rank Antonym: 下達 ➜ 上通

noun:

• format (esp. of publication, e.g. A5, B4, etc.) ［判型］
• size of a sheet of paper used for ukiyoe

noun:

• single crime consisting of multiple independent crimes (i.e. robbery, which consists of theft and threats or use of violence)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
• to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to feel around for; to fumble for; to grope for; to search for; to look for
• to investigate; to probe into; to spy on; to sound out
• to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)

noun:

• presumption of legitimacy; presumption of child in wedlock; presumption that the ex-husband is the father of a woman's child born within 300 days of their divorce - Law term

noun / suffix noun:

• angle
• square (or cube)
• bishop - abbreviation - Shōgi term ➜ 角行【かくぎょう】
• third degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) ➜ 五音
• Chinese "horn" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) - Astronomy term ➜ 角宿・二十八宿【にじゅうはっしゅく】・蒼竜【そうりょう】
• jiao (monetary unit of China; one-tenth of a yuan) ➜ 元【げん】

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to rise to the surface
• to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity)
• to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)

expression:

• you can't judge someone until you've spent time with them; you can't judge something until you've tried it; judge a man by living with him, and try a horse by riding him [literal] - proverb

expression:

• you can't judge someone until you've spent time with them; you can't judge something until you've tried it; try a horse by riding him, and judge a man by living with him [literal] - proverb ➜ 人には添うてみよ馬には乗ってみよ【ひとにはそうてみようまにはのってみよ】

noun:

• length of a sleeve (of Western clothing)
• height of a sleeve (of traditional Japanese clothing)

noun / adverb / ~と adverb / ~の noun / adjectival noun / ~する noun:

• bubbliness (of a carbonated drink); sound of bubbles (of a carbonated drink); fluffiness (of a cake, souffle, whipped cream) - onomatopoeia

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to broadcast
• to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be understood; to be comprehended; to be grasped ➜ 分かる【わかる】
• to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ➜ 分かる【わかる】