adjectival noun:

• grave; solemn; serious
• harsh (e.g. truth); hard; strict

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• tightly (holding on); firmly; securely - onomatopoeia
• strongly (built); solidly; sturdily; steadily - onomatopoeia
• properly; well; sufficiently; hard (working, etc.); fully; completely - onomatopoeia
• reliably; dependably; levelheadedly; shrewdly; wisely; cleverly - onomatopoeia

adverb / ~と adverb:

• acutely (feel); keenly; severely
• tightly; hard

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• whirling; revolving; spinning; going round and round - onomatopoeia
• coiling around; winding around; rolling around - onomatopoeia
• working tirelessly; working hard - onomatopoeia
• constantly changing - onomatopoeia

noun / ~する noun:

• losing by being overmatched; being defeated by a stronger opponent
• losing by misusing one's powers; defeat as a result of trying too hard

expression / ichidan verb:

• to be betrayed - idiom
• to be brought to grief (by an enemy); to be given a hard time - colloquialism - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• task; (doing a) bit of work
• difficult task; hard work

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to be matched against
• to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations) ［応える・報える］
• to affect; to take a toll; to strike home; to have an effect on; to be hard on someone (e.g. heat, cold, work, illness, etc.); to be a strain - sometimes 堪える ➜ 堪える

noun / ~の noun / adjectival noun:

• fierce look; frightening look; tough look
• aggressive attitude; coercive attitude; taking a hard line

noun:

• corporal punishment; physical punishment
• prison sentence; penal servitude; imprisonment with hard labour

~と adverb:

• thump; thud (dull sound representing something being hit) - onomatopoeia
• severe; difficult; hard

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to be matched against
• to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on

noun:

• toil; drudgery
• penal servitude; imprisonment (with hard labour) ➜ 懲役

adjectival noun / noun:

• unreasonable; unnatural; unjustifiable
• impossible

adjectival noun / noun / ~する noun:

• forcible; forced; compulsory - often as 無理に

adjectival noun:

• excessive (work, etc.); immoderate

~する noun:

• to work too hard; to try too hard

interjection:

• no way; not a chance; never; dream on - colloquialism

~の noun:

• irrational - Mathematics term

noun:

• mince (minced meat or fish) ［タタキ・叩き・敲き］
• seared skipjack tuna ［叩き・敲き］ ➜ 鰹
• robbery; extortion ［叩き・敲き］ - slang
• hard-packed dirt (clay, gravel, etc.) floor; concrete floor - usu. 三和土 (gikun)
• whipping; lashing; bashing; beating; flaming ［タタキ・叩き］

adverb:

• very; greatly; terribly; awfully

adjectival noun / noun:

• immense; enormous; great
• serious; grave; dreadful; terrible
• difficult; hard

noun:

• major incident; disaster - archaism

adjective:

• far; distant; far away; a long way off; in the distance
• distant (past); remote (in time); remote; far-removed (in time)
• distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone)
• far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.); not similar; way off
• hard (of hearing) - as 耳が遠い
• nearsighted - as 目が遠い

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to earn (income); to make (money)
• to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to play (for time)

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

• to work hard (at one's job); to labor; to labour; to toil

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to spring; to bound; to bounce
• to be stimulated; to be encouraged; to get lively

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to treat oneself to; to splurge on

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to breathe hard; to pant; to be out of breath ➜ 息が弾む【いきがはずむ】

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to become fine (of fabric)
• to be checkmated - Shōgi term
• to be hard pressed; to be at a loss; to reach the limits

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to cut deep into
• to cut one's way into (an enemy position); to rush on; to raid; to attack
• to press someone hard (e.g. with questions); to get to the heart of (a matter)

adverb / ~と adverb:

• clanging; banging; booming; loudly - onomatopoeia

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• throbbing (headache); pounding; splitting - onomatopoeia

adverb / ~と adverb:

• fully; vigorously; hard (e.g. working); flat out - onomatopoeia - colloquialism

interjection:

• thank you; thanks - abbreviation ➜ どうも有難う

adverb:

• much (thanks); very (sorry); quite (regret)
• quite; really; mostly
• somehow
• in spite of oneself; try as one might; no matter how hard one may try (to, not to) ➜ どうしても

interjection:

• greetings; hello; goodbye

noun:

• abdomen; belly; stomach
• womb ➜ 胎【はら】
• one's mind; one's real intentions; one's true motive
• courage; nerve; willpower
• generosity; magnanimity
• feelings; emotions
• wide middle part; bulging part
• inside; interior; inner part
• anti-node - Physics term

suffix / counter:

• counter for hard roe
• counter for containers with bulging middles (pots, vases, etc.)