godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to seclude oneself; to hide away; to stay inside (one's shell)
• to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.)
• to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be stuffy; to be dense
• to be muffled (e.g. voice)
• to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
• to confine oneself in a temple to pray

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to put; to place
• to leave (behind)
• to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
• to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
• to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc); to bear (in mind etc)
• to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
• to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
• to separate spatially or temporally

godan ~く verb / auxiliary verb:

• to do something in advance - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone
• to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to drive in (e.g. nail, stake); to hammer in
• to hit (a ball, etc.); to drive; to smash
• to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to lob (e.g. grenades) ➜ 撃ち込む
• to input (data); to enter
• to devote oneself to; to go heart and soul into; to throw oneself into; to go head over heels for
• to practice hitting (baseball, tennis, etc.) - Sports term
• to hit (an opponent in kendo, boxing, etc.); to get a blow in - Martial Arts term
• to invade one's opponent's territory (in the game of go); to place a stone in an opponent's formation
• to pour (concrete, etc.) into a form

noun:

• one's own bath ➜ 留風呂
• (reusing) yesterday's bath water
• monthly pass for a public bath

noun:

• tea prepared for the New Year with the first water of the year

noun:

• overhead ladder; horizontal ladder; monkey bars
• yunti (scaling ladder used for escalade in ancient China)

noun:

• Korean flute (horizontal bamboo flute with six holes; highest-pitched flute used in gagaku)

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• jingling - onomatopoeia
• (sound of) many people clapping together - onomatopoeia ➜ 手締め
• healthy; robust; active; hale and hearty; handling one's work well - onomatopoeia
• concluding successfully - onomatopoeia
• boiling (of water) - archaism - onomatopoeia

adverb / ~と adverb:

• clearly; plainly; distinctly - onomatopoeia

~する noun:

• to be clear; to be definite; to be certain; to be exact; to become clear; to clear up - often as はっきりした

~する noun / adverb / ~と adverb:

• to be hairy (person); to be thickly bearded - onomatopoeia
• to be dense (vegetation); to be thick - onomatopoeia
• to be slow (person); to be dull - onomatopoeia

expression / ichidan verb:

• to be choked up; to be crushed (emotionally); to be overcome (with emotion); to be shocked; to be horrified

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to pick out (with the fingers); to pull out
• to throw out (e.g. of a bar); to drag out; to chuck out

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be the first to speak; to break the silence - idiom
• to open something for the first time; to broach (e.g. a cask); to break a seal; to break open

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to develop a rash or inflammation (e.g. in response to a skin irritant); to react to (something)
• to be strongly influenced (usu. negative or critical nuance)

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to win the favour of (favor); to be acknowledged (e.g. by a superior); to measure up to

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to blunder; to bungle; to fail - archaism
• to use up all one's money (esp. on the services of prostitutes) - archaism

expression / ichidan verb:

• to make someone understand their fate; to reason with; to persuade; to deliver an imperial edict (which cannot be refused) [literal] - archaism

noun:

• clean, freshly poured bath; hot water just poured into a bath that no one has entered yet

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to assume the posture of praying; to press the palms and fingers of both hands together; to do reverence (e.g. before a statue of the Buddha); to pay one's respects
• to beg; to make a supplication
• to see (something or someone of high status) - sometimes used sarcastically in modern Japanese - humble language

noun / ~の noun:

• hydroelectric power generation; water-power generation

expression:

• Excuse me for interrupting you when you are so busy (formal phrase used in business letters, etc.)

noun:

• outdoor bench (placed under the eaves of a house and used for cooling off during the summer)

noun:

• bread roll filled with anko
• paint thinner placed inside a bag used as a drug

noun:

• toy from Fukushima prefecture in the shape of a red cow, also used as a talisman against smallpox

noun:

• branch of a sacred tree (esp. sakaki) with paper or cotton strips attached (used as a Shinto offering) - poetic name - archaism ➜ 玉串