Results, validity to

to eat - male language
to live; to make a living; to survive
to bite; to sting (as insects do)
to tease; to torment; to taunt; to make light of; to make fun of
to encroach on; to eat into; to consume
to defeat a superior; to threaten a position
to consume time and-or resources
to receive something (usu. an unfavourable event) - colloquialism
to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time - male language - vulgar

蓼tade食うkuu虫mushi もmo 好き好きsukisuki。 There is no accounting for tastes.

このkono 事業jigyou はha 金kin をwo食うkuu。 This job eats money.

今時imadoki、年功序列nenkoujoretsu だda なんてnante 言ってitte もmo、若いwakai 奴yatsu のno 反発hanpatsu をwo食うkuuだけdake ですdesu よyo。 If you try to defend the seniority-based corporate escalator these days all you'll get is flak from younger employees.

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JLPTN5

止まる^☆【とまるtomaru】留まる^☆・停まる・駐まる・止る・留る Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to stop (moving); to come to a stop
to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to cease; to be stopped; to be suspended
to alight; to perch on

そしてsoshite、電車densha はhaキーッKIIというtoiu 音を立ててotowotatete止まったtomatta。 Then, the train screeched to a halt.

十分なjuubunna 情報jouhou をwo 受け取るuketoru ことができなかったkotogadekinakatta というtoiu 理由riyuu もmo 一部ichibu にはniha あってatte、ハーHAA パーPAA のno 描写byousha はha 不完全なfukanzenna ものmono にniとどまっているtodomatteiru。 Partly because he could not receive enough information, Harper's description remains imperfect.

あのano 木ki のno 枝eda にni数羽wa のno 鳥tori がgaとまっているtomatteiru。 Some birds are sitting on the branch of that tree.

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JLPTN4

進む^☆【すすむsusumu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

to advance; to go forward
to precede; to go ahead (of)
to make progress; to improve
to deepen; to heighten
to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead
to do of one's own free will ➜ 進んで

あのano 時計tokei はha１分fun進んでいますsusundeimasu。 That clock is one minute fast.

ジブJIBUのno 裏帆uraho とtoラダーRADAAをwo 使ってtsukatte、バックBAKKU しshi ながらnagara 船首senshu をwo進みsusumiたいtai 方向houkou にni 向けましたmukemashita。 Using the rudder and the jib with the wind behind it we backed up, turning the bow to the direction we wanted to go.

ヤンマYANMA がga すいすいとsuisuito 水mizu のno 上ue をwo進んでいたsusundeita。 The dragonfly gracefully passed over the water.

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すがれるsugareru《尽れる・末枯れる・闌れる》 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to wither (esp. plants as winter draws near); to fade; to shrivel ➜ 末枯れる【うらがれる】
to pass one's prime; to start deteriorating; to begin to decline

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JLPTN1

にじむnijimu^☆《滲む》 Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

to run (of liquid); to spread
to blur; to blot; to be blurred
to ooze; to well up (of tears, etc.)
to show through (of feelings, emotions, etc.); to reveal itself

家ie でde 洗濯sentaku するsuru とto 色iro がgaにじむnijimu。 If you wash it at home, the color will run.

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JLPTN3

抜ける^☆【ぬけるnukeru】脱ける Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to come out; to fall out; to be omitted; to be missing; to escape; to come loose
to fade; to discolour
to wear a hole (e.g. clothes)
to leave (e.g. a meeting)
to be clear; to be transparent (e.g. of the sky)
to be stupid; to be absentminded; to be careless; to be inattentive - usu. as 抜けた or 抜けている
to exit (a program loop) - IT term

ichidan verb / transitive:

to go through; to pass through

人混みhitogomi をwo抜けるnukeruまでmade 私watashi にni くっついていkuttsuitei なさいnasai。 Stick with me until we get out of the crowd.

国境kokkyou のno 長いnagai トンネルTONNERU をwo抜けるnukeruとto 雪国yukiguni でde あっa たta。 The train came out of the long tunnel forming the border, and there was the snow country.

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JLPTN5

上る^☆【のぼるnoboru】登る^☆・昇る^☆・陞る^old Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to ascend; to go up; to climb
to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun); to rise - usu. 昇る
to go to (the capital)
to be promoted
to add up to
to advance (in price)
to swim up (a river); to sail up
to come up (on the agenda)

彼kare はha 簡単にkantanni 木ki にniのぼるnoboru。 He has no trouble climbing trees.

そのsono ときtoki 太陽taiyou がgaのぼるnoboruところtokoro だったdatta。 The sun was coming up then.

彼のkareno 借金shakkin はha 総計soukei２０００ドルDORU にniのぼるnoboru。 His debts amount to $2,000.

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JLPTN1

顧みる^☆【かえりみるkaerimiru】顧る^irr. Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to look back on (the past); to reflect on; to reminisce about ➜ 省みる【かえりみる】
to look behind (at); to turn round (and look); to look over one's shoulder
to consider; to concern oneself about; to take notice of; to pay attention to; to take into consideration - usu. in the negative

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食み出す^☆【はみだすhamidasu】はみ出す Inflection

godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:

to protrude; to stick out; to hang out; to jut out; to bulge out; to overflow; to be forced out; to be crowded out; to be pushed out; to exceed; to go over; to go beyond

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冴え渡る【さえわたるsaewataru】冴えわたる・さえ渡る・冴渡る Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to be clear; to be distinct; to be precise
to be skillful; to be skilful; to be deft
to be well-executed
to get cold; to freeze over

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決め込む^☆【きめこむkimekomu】決込む・極め込む・決めこむ Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to take for granted; to assume
to pretend (to be); to act as if one were ...; to fancy oneself as being
to do intentionally; to persist in doing

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JLPTN4

変わる^★【かわるkawaru】変る Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
to move to
to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual - usu. as 変わった, 変わっている ➜ 変わった・変わっている

野菜yasai のno 値段nedan はha 日々hibi変わるkawaru。 The price of vegetables varies from day to day.

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JLPTN4

開く^☆【ひらくhiraku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb / transitive:

to open; to undo; to unseal; to unpack
to bloom; to unfold; to spread out
to open (for business, e.g. in the morning)
to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to hold (meeting, etc.); to give; to open
to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.); to open (a new business); to set up; to establish; to start
to open (ports, borders, etc.)
to open (an account)
to open up (new land, path, etc.); to clear; to develop ➜ 拓く
to open (a file, etc.) - IT term
to extract (root); to reduce (equation) - Mathematics term
to cut open (fish) - as 魚を開く - Food term
to change (kanji into hiragana)

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

to flare (e.g. skirt)
to slacken (into a poor posture) - as 体が開く, 肩が開く, etc. - Sports term

先週senshuu、私達watashitachi はha 舞踏会butoukai をwo開きましたhirakimashita。 We gave a ball last week.

庭niwa のno バラBARA のno 木ki のno つぼみtsubomi がga 少しずつsukoshizutsu開きhiraki始めるhajimeru。 Little by little, the buds on the rosebush in my garden begin to open.

私達watashitachi はha そのsono 店mise がga開くhirakuまでmade しばらくshibaraku 待つmatsu よりyori 仕方がなかったshikataganakatta。 We had no choice but to wait for a while until the store opened.

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JLPTN2

押さえる^★【おさえるosaeru】押える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to pin down; to hold down; to press down - also written as 圧さえる
to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to press (a body part)
to get a hold of; to obtain; to seize; to catch; to arrest
to grasp (a point); to comprehend
to quell; to subdue; to suppress; to repress; to hold back; to check; to curb; to contain ➜ 抑える【おさえる】

野茂nomo がga 打者dasha をwoおさえるosaeruとto 観客kankyaku がga わきあがりますwakiagarimasu。 It causes quite a sensation when Nomo pitches a no-hitter.

低tei 血糖kettou 症shou のno 人hito はha、感情kanjou をwo押さえるosaeru力chikara がga ないnai のでnode、すぐsugu にni 怖がっkowaga たりtari 怒っoko たりtari するsuru。 People suffering from low level of blood sugar disorder, because they lack the power to suppress their emotions, get easily frightened and angry.

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JLPTN1

治まる^☆【おさまるosamaru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to die down (storm, anger, conflict, etc.); to calm down; to cool off; to abate; to be settled; to be brought under control
to be at peace; to be governed well
to subside (of pain, symptoms, etc.); to be alleviated; to get better; to ease off

奮闘funtou がgaおさまるosamaruとto、話し合いhanashiai がga 再びfutatabi 始まったhajimatta。 When the excitement died down, the discussion resumed.

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JLPTN4

噛む^☆【かむkamu】咬む^☆・嚙む・嚼む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to bite; to chew; to gnaw
to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
to engage (of cogs, zippers, etc.); to mesh; to fit together
to be involved in ➜ 一枚噛む
to fumble one's words (during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words
to strongly confute; to argue down; to rebuke; to scold harshly - archaism

彼のkareno ほえるhoeru のno はhaかむkamuのno よりyori ひどいhidoi。 His bark is worse than his bite.

彼kare はha いまima 歯ha がga 痛むitamu のでnode よくyokuかむkamuことができないkotogadekinai。 He can't chew well, because he has a toothache now.

あなたanata のno 犬inu はha噛むkamu？ Does your dog bite?

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繰り出す^☆【くりだすkuridasu】繰出す・くり出す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to draw (a thread); to let out (e.g. a rope)
to turn out in large numbers; to flock; to sally forth
to send out; to dispatch
to lunge; to unleash

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JLPTN1

営む^☆【いとなむitonamu】 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to run (a business); to operate; to conduct; to practice (law, medicine, etc.)
to carry out; to perform; to lead (a life)
to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)

そのsono 島shima にはniha 漁業gyogyou をwo営むitonamu人たちhitotachi がga 住んでいたsundeita。 The island was inhabited by a fishing people.

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JLPTN3

従う^☆【したがうshitagau】随う・順う・遵う・從う^old・隨う^old Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow; to observe; to conform to; to yield to
to follow (a person); to accompany; to go with
to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
to serve (as); to engage in (work)

善良なzenryouna 市民shimin はha 法律houritsu にni従うshitagau。 A good citizen obeys the laws.

熱力学netsurikigaku のno 背後haigo にはniha、第１巻dai１kan でde 学んだmananda 力学rikigaku のno 法則housoku にniしたがうshitagau原子genshi やya 分子bunshi のno 運動undou がga ありますarimasu。 Behind thermodynamics lie the movements of atoms and molecules following the laws of motion learned in the first volume.

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