noun:

• word to soften awkward topics (esp. refusal in business conversation, e.g. "I am afraid that ...") - e.g. 申し訳ありませんが、あいにく - obscure term - From English "cushion word"

expression:

• wretched is the lot of a government official; it is better to work for oneself than to work for someone else - proverb

noun:

• land given to high-ranking government officials (ritsuryo system); land given to pay for the expenses of a government office ➜ 職分田

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to perceive; to sense; to discern
• to understand; to comprehend; to realize
• to attain enlightenment - Buddhism term

noun:

• first and second; A and B
• superiority and (or) inferiority; distinction (in quality); discernment; discrimination

noun:

• devil; demon; fiend
• Satan; the Devil - in Christianity and Judaism ➜ サタン
• Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment - Buddhism term

noun:

• local commissioner (Kamakura or Muromachi eras)
• draw to find the theme for poetry session; composing poetry by lot

noun / ~する noun:

• delivery to the wrong house or person (email, postal items, etc.); false notification; mistaken notification; notifying somebody incorrectly

noun:

• cervicobrachial syndrome; indicates pain, swelling, weakness and/or numbness in the neck/shoulder region, used when specific diagnosis is not known

noun:

• teppeiseki stone; platy andesite; flagstone; dark blue or purple stone, esp. used in paving or gardens

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to conceal one's true nature or feelings; to feign friendliness; to play the hypocrite - idiom ➜ 猫をかぶる【ねこをかぶる】

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to cut off the head of a sleeping person; to assassinate someone while he sleeps
• to catch someone off his guard by setting traps

noun:

• old-fashioned boys' hairstyle
• Meiji period women's hairstyle
• type of dance in kabuki ［揚げ巻・揚巻］
• knots in colour of four cardinal points hanging from the roof above the ring (color) ［揚げ巻・揚巻］ - Sumo term
• constricted tagelus (Sinonovacula constricta); Chinese razor clam - abbreviation ➜ 揚巻貝

expression:

• if you do a favor for somebody, you will get a return favor; if a fish is friendly toward water, water will be kind to the fish too [literal]; mutual back-scratching - proverb

noun:

• legal wife (of a noble) (as opposed to a concubine) ➜ 側室・本妻
• room for receiving guests ➜ 表座敷【おもてざしき】
• heir; successor - obscure term

noun:

• avatamsa (flower adornment, as a metaphor for becoming a buddha) - Buddhism term
• Avatamska sutra - abbreviation ➜ 華厳経
• Kegon (sect of Buddhism) - abbreviation ➜ 華厳宗

noun:

• taking food directly from a communal dish with one's own chopsticks (a breach of etiquette) ➜ 取り箸

noun:

• kokyu (3 or 4-stringed bowed Japanese musical instrument)
• any Oriental string instrument played with a bow

noun:

• pad placed below the sheet on which a seal is to be pressed - used to make the seal's imprint clearer

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall (over, down); to collapse; to take a fall; to topple
• to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to cave in; to crumble; to give away
• to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to break down (e.g. from overwork)
• to die; to be killed
• to go bankrupt (of a company, bank, etc.); to fail; to collapse; to go under
• to be defeated (in a game); to lose
• to fall (of a government, dictator, etc.); to be overthrown

noun:

• cabinetwork; joinery - usu. 指(し)物
• hair ornament; hairpin - often 挿(し)物
• colours; banner; small banner worn by soldiers during battle (for identification) from the Sengoku period to the end of the Edo period - archaism

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to drive in (e.g. nail, stake); to hammer in
• to hit (a ball, etc.); to drive; to smash
• to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to lob (e.g. grenades) ➜ 撃ち込む
• to input (data); to enter
• to devote oneself to; to go heart and soul into; to throw oneself into; to go head over heels for
• to practice hitting (baseball, tennis, etc.) - Sports term
• to hit (an opponent in kendo, boxing, etc.); to get a blow in - Martial Arts term
• to invade one's opponent's territory (in the game of go); to place a stone in an opponent's formation
• to pour (concrete, etc.) into a form

noun:

• gyaru; (young) woman adhering to a fashion trend usually marked by brown or blond-dyed hair, gaudy clothes and accessories - From English "gal"
• gal

noun:

• underground website or online message board for a school where students typically exchange information on tests, commit cyberbullying, etc.

noun:

• shigandang; stone tablet placed at a three-way street intersection (or dead end) to ward off evil spirits