ichidan verb / transitive:

• to hang (hold) back; to hold off; to refrain; to reduce or cut back on
• to jot down a note

expression / ichidan verb:

• to settle down; to get a steady job; to marry and raise a family
• to attire oneself; to outfit oneself

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to lie down; to go to bed; to go to sleep - archaism ➜ 寝る・寝る・寝る・寝る

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
• to take a tea break; to rest

expression:

• (with) great vigour (from the way splitting bamboo goes all down the stick); irresistible force - idiom

expression / ichidan verb:

• to stare at; to look hard at; to look up and down; to scrutinize; to scrutinise

godan ~う verb:

• to fail to go; to fail to come

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to crush (with one's hands)
• to kill a proposal; to shelve; to table (remove from consideration); to pigeonhole; to smother

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to flick out; to spring out; to repel
• to calculate; to work out - orig. on an abacus
• to expel (from a group); to drive out; to ostracize
• to raise funds

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to support; to maintain; to provide for
• to bring up; to raise; to rear; to feed
• to adopt (a child)
• to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.); to develop; to build up; to foster
• to recuperate (from injury, illness, etc.)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to drive on; to urge forward (e.g. cattle); to rouse (game from its cover); to shoo away
• to press a tenant to leave; to evict

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to shoot dead; to bring down (an animal)
• to win (a prize, someone's heart, etc.); to make one's own

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to spring at; to leap upon; to swoop down on; to throw oneself upon (e.g. an enemy)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to stop; to turn off - esp. 止める, 停める
• to park - esp. 止める, 停める
• to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to hold back (tears); to hold (one's breath); to relieve (pain) - esp. 止める, 停める
• to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade; to forbid; to prohibit
• to notice; to be aware of; to concentrate on; to pay attention to; to remember; to bear in mind ➜ 目を留める・気に留める
• to fix (in place); to fasten; to tack; to pin; to nail; to button; to staple - esp. 留める
• to detain; to keep in custody - esp. 留める

noun:

• come to nothingness

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to turn someone down (on some pretext) without offending them; to refuse gracefully; to decline politely

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to throw down; to throw out; to stretch out (one's legs)
• to abandon; to resign
• to give freely; to give generously; to sacrifice (e.g. one's life)
• to start to throw

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to begin; to start; to commence
• to happen (again); to begin (anew)
• to date (from); to originate (in)

interjection:

• welcome; come in; response to a visitor at one's house who has asked to be shown inside - used by samurai families - archaism ➜ 頼もう【たのもう】

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to bite; to chew; to gnaw
• to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
• to engage (of cogs, zippers, etc.); to mesh; to fit together
• to be involved in ➜ 一枚噛む
• to fumble one's words (during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words
• to strongly confute; to argue down; to rebuke; to scold harshly - archaism

adverb:

• hourly; from one minute to the next; from hour to hour; moment by moment; with each passing moment - four character idiom

noun / adverb:

• hourly; from hour to hour; moment by moment; momently; from one minute to the next; with each passing moment - four character idiom

expression:

• the past; bygone days (years, age, etc.) ➜ 来し方
• the course (route) one has come by; the direction one came from

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to bend; to turn up; to turn down; to double

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to take a meal; to have a meal; to catch a meal; to get grub; to grub; to break bread; to chow down; to eat dinner; to have a bite; to strap on a feed-bag