godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to run between (e.g. bus, train, etc.); to ply between
• to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to commute; to frequent
• to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought) ➜ 血が通う・心が通う
• to resemble

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• greeting; greetings; salutation; salute; polite set phrase used when meeting or parting from somebody
• polite set phrase used to express apology, sympathy, congratulations, etc.
• speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address
• reply; response
• revenge; retaliation - slang

expression:

• a fine thing to say - used sarcastically as a response to a rude remark; usu. in the form of ご挨拶 - humorous term
• dialoging (with another Zen practitioner to ascertain their level of enlightenment) - orig. meaning ➜ 一挨一拶

noun:

• relationship (between people); connection - archaism
• intervention; mediation; mediator - archaism

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to descend; to go down; to come down
• to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.)
• to pass (of time)
• to surrender; to capitulate
• to be less than; to be inferior to - often in neg. form
• to have the runs; to have diarrhea - also written as 瀉る ➜ 腹が下る
• to pass (in stool); to be discharged from the body
• to depreciate oneself; to be humble - archaism

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be temperate in; to refrain; to abstain; to hold back; to restrain oneself from excessive ...
• to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
• to be soon; to be in the offing

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be in a close relationship (e.g. as a backer, etc.)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to let fly; to make fly; to send flying; to blow off (e.g. in the wind); to launch; to fire; to hurl; to shoot
• to skip over; to leave out; to omit; to drop (e.g. a stitch)
• to run fast; to drive fast; to gallop
• to spray; to splash; to spatter
• to say without reservation; to call out (e.g. a jeer); to rattle of (e.g. a joke)
• to spread (e.g. a rumour); to circulate; to send out (a message); to issue (e.g. an appeal)
• to transfer (to a less important post); to send away (e.g. to a provincial branch); to demote
• to dispatch quickly (e.g. a reporter)
• to get rid of; to burn off (alcohol)
• to attack (e.g. with a leg manoeuvre)

auxiliary verb / godan ~す verb:

• to do vigorously; to do roughly; to do energetically

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to stop; to turn off - esp. 止める, 停める
• to park - esp. 止める, 停める
• to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to hold back (tears); to hold (one's breath); to relieve (pain) - esp. 止める, 停める
• to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade; to forbid; to prohibit
• to notice; to be aware of; to concentrate on; to pay attention to; to remember; to bear in mind ➜ 目を留める・気に留める
• to fix (in place); to fasten; to tack; to pin; to nail; to button; to staple - esp. 留める
• to detain; to keep in custody - esp. 留める

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to rot; to go bad; to decay; to spoil; to fester; to decompose; to turn sour (e.g. milk)
• to corrode; to weather; to crumble
• to become useless; to blunt; to weaken (from lack of practice)
• to become depraved; to be degenerate; to be morally bankrupt; to be corrupt
• to be depressed; to be dispirited; to feel discouraged; to feel down ➜ 気が腐る【きがくさる】

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to have the audacity to; to be bastard enough to - after the -masu stem of a verb; indicates scorn or disdain for another's action - usually written using kana alone - Kansai dialect ➜ やがる

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to lose a bet - archaism
• to be drenched; to become sopping wet - archaism

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to manage; to control; to maneuver; to steer
• to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument)
• to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
• to manipulate (a person, public opinion, etc.); to pull the strings; to control from the shadows; to mastermind

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to take down (e.g. flag); to launch (e.g. boat); to drop; to lower (e.g. ladder); to let (a person) off; to unload; to discharge
• to drop off (a passenger from a vehicle); to let (a person) off
• to withdraw (cash)
• to wear (clothing) for the first time
• to fillet (e.g. a fish)

noun:

• driving off birds
• procession held at the New Year to chase away the birds for the year, with children singing songs as the villagers walked from house to house
• female street musician who wore a braided hat and carried a shamisen
• street entertainer who appeared on New Year's eve and performed with a fan

noun:

• thing; object; article; stuff; substance
• one's things; possessions; property; belongings - as 〜のもの, 〜のもん
• things; something; anything; everything; nothing
• quality
• reason; the way of things
• used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen - formal noun often used as 〜ものだ - usually written using kana alone

suffix noun:

• item classified as ...; item related to ...; work of ...
• cause of ...; cause for ...

prefix:

• somehow; somewhat; for some reason ［もの］ ➜ 物寂しい【ものさびしい】
• really; truly ［もの］ ➜ 物珍しい【ものめずらしい】

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to pour (into) ➜ 注ぐ【つぐ】
• to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to pour onto; to spray
• to shed (tears)
• to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to fix (one's eyes) on

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

• to flow into (e.g. of a river); to run into; to drain into
• to fall (of rain, snow); to pour down

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to adopt (method, proposal, etc.); to take (measure, course of action, etc.); to decide on
• to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather (e.g. mushrooms); to catch (e.g. insects)
• to extract (e.g. juice); to take (e.g. a sample)
• to assume (an attitude)
• to take on (workers, students); to employ; to hire
• to draw in (e.g. water); to let in (e.g. light from a window)

noun:

• Heian era court lady's song (accompanying men's oouta); court lady singing a kouta ➜ 大歌
• ditty; ballad; short, hummable, popular tune from Muromachi era to early Edo era ➜ 小唄・端唄
• kyogen kouta; style of kyogen song based on the Muromachi songs, often love ballad
• noh kouta; unusual style of noh song based on the Muromachi songs

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to push; to press ［押す］
• to apply pressure from above; to press down ［押す・圧す］
• to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal ［押す・捺す］ ➜ 判を押す
• to affix (e.g. gold leaf) ［押す］
• to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel; to influence ［押す］
• to overwhelm; to overpower; to repress ［押す・圧す］
• to push (events along); to advance (a plan) ［押す］
• to do in spite of ...; to do even though ...; to force ［押す］
• to make sure ［押す］ ➜ 念を押す【ねんをおす】・駄目を押す【だめをおす】
• to be pressed for time ［押す］
• to advance troops; to attack ［押す］
• (of light) to be diffused across an entire surface ［押す］

noun:

• opposite side; bottom; other side; side hidden from view; undersurface; reverse side Antonym: 表【おもて】
• rear; back; behind
• lining; inside
• in the shadows; behind the scenes; offstage; behind one's back
• more (to something than meets the eye); hidden side (e.g. of one's personality); unknown circumstances; different side
• proof ➜ 裏付け
• opposite (of a prediction, common sense, etc.); contrary ➜ 裏をかく
• inverse (of a hypothesis, etc.)
• bottom (of an inning); last half (of an inning) - Baseball term Antonym: 表【おもて】

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall (over, down); to collapse; to take a fall; to topple
• to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to cave in; to crumble; to give away
• to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to break down (e.g. from overwork)
• to die; to be killed
• to go bankrupt (of a company, bank, etc.); to fail; to collapse; to go under
• to be defeated (in a game); to lose
• to fall (of a government, dictator, etc.); to be overthrown

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock ［開ける］
• to open (for business, etc.) ［開ける］
• to empty; to remove; to make space; to make room - esp. 空ける
• to move out; to clear out - esp. 空ける
• to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily) - esp. 空ける

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to dawn; to grow light - esp. 明ける
• to end (of a period, season) - esp. 明ける
• to begin (of the New Year) - esp. 明ける
• to leave (one's schedule) open; to make time (for) - esp. 明ける
• to make (a hole); to open up (a hole)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to receive; to get
• to catch (e.g. a ball)
• to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
• to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
• to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
• to be given (e.g. life, talent) - esp. 受ける, 享ける

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by) - esp. ウケる - colloquialism - usually written using kana alone

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to follow; to succeed; to be descended from - esp. 受ける, 享ける
• to face (south, etc.)
• to be modified by - esp. 受ける, 承ける - Linguistics term
• to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee - esp. 請ける, now primarily used in compound words ➜ 請け出す

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well - esp. ウケる, うける - usually written using kana alone

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to pull; to tug; to lead (e.g. a horse)
• to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest) ➜ 惹く【ひく】・注意を引く
• to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to pull in
• to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
• to draw (a line, plan, etc.) ➜ 図面を引く
• to catch (a cold) ➜ 風邪を引く
• to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument) ➜ 弾く【ひく】
• to look up (e.g. a dictionary); to consult ➜ 辞書を引く
• to haul; to pull (vehicles) - esp. 牽く
• to subtract; to deduct
• to recede; to ebb; to fade
• to be descend from; to inherit (a characteristic)
• to quote; to cite; to raise (as evidence)
• to lay on (electricity, gas, etc.); to install (e.g. a telephone); to supply (e.g. water)
• to hold (e.g. a note)
• to apply (e.g. lipstick); to oil (e.g. a pan); to wax (e.g. a floor)

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to move back; to draw back; to recede ➜ 退く【ひく】
• to lessen; to subside; to ebb ➜ 退く【ひく】
• to resign; to retire; to quit ➜ 退く【ひく】

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised Antonym: 下がる
• to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
• to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
• to get out (of water); to come ashore
• to increase - also written as 騰る in ref. to price
• to improve; to make progress
• to be promoted; to advance
• to be made (of profit, etc.)
• to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
• to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.) - often as 〜で上がる
• to be finished; to be done; to be over
• (of rain) to stop; to lift
• to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
• to win (in a card game, etc.)
• to be arrested ［挙がる］
• to turn up (of evidence, etc.) ［挙がる］
• to be deep fried ［揚がる］
• to be spoken loudly
• to get stage fright
• to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
• to go; to visit - humble language
• to eat; to drink - honorific language
• to be listed (as a candidate) - esp. 挙がる
• to serve (in one's master's home)
• to go north - in Kyoto

suffix / godan ~る verb:

• to be complete; to finish - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 出来上がる

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to drop; to lose; to let fall; to shed (light); to cast (one's gaze); to pour in (liquid); to leave behind
• to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose; to spend money at a certain place; to omit; to leave out; to secretly let escape
• to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to fail (a course); to defeat (in an election)
• to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice); to lessen (e.g. production or body weight); to worsen (quality); to reduce (e.g. rank or popularity); to speak badly of; to make light of; to fall into straitened circumstances
• to fall into (e.g. a dilemma or sin); to make one's own; to have one's bid accepted; to force surrender; to take (e.g. an enemy camp or castle); to forcefully convince; to press for a confession; to deal with
• to download; to copy from a computer to another medium - IT term
• to make someone swoon (judo) - Martial Arts term
• to finish a story (e.g. with the punch line)
• to finish (a period, e.g. of fasting)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to hang up (e.g. a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag) ➜ 壁にかける
• to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover
• to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.) ➜ 眼鏡を掛ける
• to make (a call) ➜ 電話を掛ける
• to spend (time, money); to expend; to use ➜ 時間を掛ける
• to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto somebody ➜ 塩をかける
• to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, a song, etc.)
• to cause (somebody inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose ➜ 迷惑を掛ける
• to multiply (arithmetic operation)
• to secure (e.g. lock) ➜ 鍵を掛ける
• to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else) ➜ 腰を掛ける
• to bind - also 繋ける
• to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble ➜ 賭ける【かける】
• to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
• to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
• to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
• to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.) ➜ 裁判に掛ける
• to increase further
• to catch (in a trap, etc.)
• to set atop
• to erect (a makeshift building)
• to apply (insurance) ➜ 保険を掛ける
• to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words ➜ 掛詞

suffix / ichidan verb:

• to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ... - after -masu stem of verb ➜ 話し掛ける
• to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone) - after -masu stem of verb; indicates (verb) is being directed to someone ➜ 話し掛ける