noun:

• pigtails; two plaits hanging about one's shoulders; two plaits hanging down one's back; queue

expression:

• the nail that sticks out gets hammered down; people that stick out too much get punished - proverb ➜ 出る杭は打たれる
• tall trees catch much wind; people that excel at something become disliked - proverb ➜ 出る杭は打たれる

expression:

• the nail that sticks out gets hammered down; people that stick out too much get punished - proverb ➜ 出る釘は打たれる
• tall trees catch much wind; people that excel at something become disliked - proverb ➜ 出る釘は打たれる

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to hang; to suspend; to wear (e.g. decoration)
• to lower; to reduce; to bring down
• to demote; to move back; to pull back
• to clear (plates); to remove (food, etc. from table or altar)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to write (e.g. a letter); to draw up (a document); to take down (e.g. notes)
• to have (lunch, dinner, etc.); to eat

adjective:

• dark; gloomy; murky
• depressed; dispirited; down in the dumps; dark (mood)
• dark (in colour); dull
• ill-boding; dark (e.g. past); suspicious
• unlikely (to succeed); hopeless; unpromising
• unfamiliar (with); ignorant (of) - as 〜に暗い Antonym: 明るい

noun / ~する noun:

• reaching a stopping place; settling down (before the next stage); getting to a point where one can rest; completing the first stage (of the work)

noun:

• one paragraph

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to cool (from room temperature); to chill; to refrigerate
• to calm down; to cool off; to regain one's composure; to relax
• to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to come off; to slip down; to slip off

noun / ~する noun:

• nailing on; nailing down; nailing shut; being glued (to); being unable to take one's eyes (from)
• being stationary; being rooted to the spot; halting; freezing - idiom
• (price) pegging

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to heel over; to be disposed to; to trend toward; to be prone to
• to go down (sun); to wane; to sink; to decline

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

• to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to heel over; to be disposed to; to trend toward; to be prone to ➜ 傾く
• to go down (sun); to wane; to sink; to decline ➜ 傾く

godan ~く verb:

• to be underwater from the neck down; to collect shells, seaweed, etc. by diving under the water - archaism
• to force something under the surface of the water

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to get down to business; to cut to the chase; to get straight to the point; to move on to the main subject

noun / ~する noun:

• sinking; foundering; going down; submersion
• getting dead drunk - colloquialism
• having too much fun (esp. in a red-light district, etc.) and missing work or neglecting one's duties - colloquialism
• staying in one place for a long time - backpacker slang - slang

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall down; to fall over
• to turn out; to play out ［ころぶ］ - oft. as どう転んでも
• to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize ［ころぶ］ - in early Japanese Christianity
• to roll; to tumble ➜ ころがる
• (for a geisha) to prostitute (herself) in secret - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• staring-out (down) game; game in which two children looking at each other try to make the opponents laugh first
• constant looking at something (e.g. the computer screen, the clock, etc.)

noun:

• horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down ➜ 横になる
• side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; breadth ➜ 首を横に振る
• side (of a box, etc.)
• beside; aside; next to
• unconnected ➜ 横から口を挟む

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to return (something); to restore; to put back - esp. 返す ➜ 帰す【かえす】
• to turn over; to turn upside down; to overturn
• to pay back; to retaliate; to reciprocate - esp. 返す

suffix / godan ~す verb:

• to repeat ...; to do ... back - after the -masu stem of a verb

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to prune; to trim; to cut back; to clip
• to reap (a crop) and put into storage; to harvest
• to prune (a manuscript); to cut down

noun / ~する noun:

• top and bottom; up and down; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends

noun:

• upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled; the government and the people ［しょうか］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to boil; to seethe
• to roil (e.g. waterfall, torrent); to foam; to cascade down
• to well up (of emotions); to overflow (e.g. fighting spirit); to seethe (esp. blood)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to knock (someone) to their feet; to knock down
• to send flying; to strike; to fling; to fire
• to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
• to drive at terrific speed; to barrel along

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be absent; to take a day off
• to rest; to have a break
• to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep; to turn in; to retire
• to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time; to suspend business

expression:

• to wait for a good opportunity; to come down on the right side of the fence; to see which way the cat jumps; to wait and see at Horagatoge [literal] - proverb