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JLPTN1
養う☆【やしなうyashinau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to support; to maintain; to provide for
  • to bring up; to raise; to rear; to feed
  • to adopt (a child)
  • to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.); to develop; to build up; to foster
  • to recuperate (from injury, illness, etc.)

良いyoi習慣shuukanはha子供時代kodomojidaiにni養うyashinauべきbekiであるdearu。 Good habits should be cultivated in childhood.

彼女kanojoはha５人ninのno子供kodomoをwo養うyashinauためにtameni働かhatarakaざるをえなかったzaruwoenakatta。 She was obliged to work to support five children.

JLPTN5
覚える☆【おぼえるoboeru】憶える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
  • to learn; to pick up; to acquire ［覚える］
  • to feel ［覚える］
  • to think; to regard ［覚える］

物monoをwo視覚的にshikakutekini覚えるoboeru器官kikanはha視床shishou下部kabuのno下shitaにniあるaru。 The sight memory organ is below the hypothalamus.

聖書seishoをwo読むyomuたびにtabini、私watashiはha深いfukai感動kandouをwo覚えるoboeru。 Every time I read the Bible, I am deeply moved.

JLPTN5
出る★【でるderu】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out Antonym: 入る【はいる】
  • to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
  • to move forward
  • to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
  • to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
  • to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
  • to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
  • to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
  • to sell
  • to exceed; to go over
  • to stick out; to protrude
  • to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
  • to be produced
  • to come from; to be derived from
  • to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
  • to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
  • to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
  • to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
  • to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
  • to graduate

女性joseiがga働きhatarakiにni出るderu事kotoはhaごくgoku普通futsuuのnoことkotoだda。 It is quite common for women to go out to work.

アメリカAMERIKAのno学生gakuseiのno中nakaにはniha苦労kurouしてshite働きhatarakiながらnagara大学daigakuをwo出るderu者monoがga多いooi。 Many American students work their way through the university.

電話denwaがga鳴っていたnatteitaがga、それsoreにni出るderu人hitoはhaいなかったinakatta。 The phone was ringing, but there was no one to answer it.

出ず【いずizu】出づ【いづizu】

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

  • to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out - archaism Antonym: 入る【はいる】
  • to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out - archaism
  • to move forward - archaism
  • to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach - archaism
  • to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display - archaism
  • to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out - archaism
  • to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform - archaism
  • to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised - archaism
  • to sell - archaism
  • to exceed; to go over - archaism
  • to stick out; to protrude - archaism
  • to break out; to occur; to start; to originate - archaism
  • to be produced - archaism
  • to come from; to be derived from - archaism
  • to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid - archaism
  • to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get - archaism
  • to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave - archaism
  • to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain - archaism
  • to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed - archaism
  • to graduate - archaism
JLPTN5
置く☆【おくoku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to put; to place
  • to leave (behind)
  • to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
  • to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
  • to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc); to bear (in mind etc)
  • to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
  • to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
  • to separate spatially or temporally

godan ~く verb / auxiliary verb:

  • to do something in advance - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone
  • to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone

薬kusuriはha子供kodomoのno手の届かないところtenotodokanaitokoroにni置くokuべきbekiだda。 Medicine should be out of the way of children.

机tsukueのno上ueにni寝かせてnekasete置くokuとto転がってkorogatte落ちるochiruことがあるkotogaaruのでnode、試験管立てshikenkandateにni立ててtateteおくoku。 If you leave them lying on the desk they may roll off, so stand them in the test-tube rack.

彼女kanojoはhaいつもitsumo自分jibunのno部屋heyaをwoきれいkireiしてshiteおくoku。 She always keeps her room clean.

JLPTN1
仕立てる☆【したてるshitateru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to tailor; to make (clothing)
  • to train; to bring up
  • to make it seem like; to pass off
  • to turn into a play or movie
  • to prepare; to send; to despatch

スーツSUUTSUをwo仕立てるshitateruときtokiはha、正確seikakuなna採寸saisunがga必要hitsuyouとtoなりnariますmasu。 It's necessary to take correct measurements when you are tailoring a suit.

JLPTN1
添える☆【そえるsoeru】副える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift)
  • to add to as support; to prop up
  • to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.)
  • to mimic; to imitate - archaism
  • to draw something near to oneself; to approach nearby - archaism

普通のfutsuuno看護師kangoshiはha、ちんこchinkoにni溲瓶shibinもmo添えるsoeruしshi手術shujutsuのno時tokiはha剃毛sokeもmoするsuruぞzo。 A typical nurse will do such things as helping with a urinal bottle, and shaving in preparation for surgery!

歳月saigetsuはha距離kyori同様douyou二重の二juuno魅力miryokuをwo添えるsoeru。 Age, like distance, lends a double charm.

JLPTN3
しまうshimau☆《仕舞う・終う・了う・蔵う》 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to finish; to stop; to end; to put an end to; to bring to a close
  • to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to shut down; to shut up
  • to put away; to put back; to keep; to store

auxiliary verb / godan ~う verb:

  • to finish ...; to do ... completely - after the -te form of a verb, indicates completion (and sometimes reluctance, regret, etc.)

このkono世界sekaiのno教育kyouikuにniはhaがっかりgakkariしてshiteしまうshimau。 Education in this world disappoints me.

「もしmoshi疲れているtsukareteiruならnara寝たらnetaraどうdou？」　「僕bokuがga今ima寝たらnetaraあまりamariにni早くhayaku目覚めてmezameteしまうshimauからkara。」 "If you're tired, why don't you go to sleep?" "Because if I go to sleep now I will wake up too early."

JLPTN2
潰す☆【つぶすtsubusu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to smash; to crush; to flatten
  • to shut down; to put out of business; to force (a company) to close up shop
  • to wreck; to break; to block; to thwart
  • to butcher; to slaughter; to kill (livestock, for food)
  • to kill (time); to while away (the time)
  • to waste (e.g. talents)
JLPTN5
作る★【つくるtsukuru】造る☆・創る☆ Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct - 造る usu. for large-scale building, manufacturing, etc.; 創る usu. for creating
  • to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  • to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ➜ 野菜を作る
  • to till
  • to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  • to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  • to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  • to have (a child)
  • to make up (one's face, etc.)
  • to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  • to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  • to form (a line, etc.)
  • to set (a record)
  • to commit (a sin, etc.)

どこdokoへhe行ってitteもmo、彼kareはha必ずkanarazu友達tomodachiをwo作るtsukuru。 Wherever he may go, he is sure to make friends.

今日kyouのnoお弁当obentouもmoだdaけどkedo、五木itsukiさんsanとto田中tanakaさんsanのno作るtsukuruメニューMENYUUはha緑黄色野菜ryokuoushokuyasaiがga少ないsukunaiんnじゃないjanai？ About today's packed-lunch, the menus prepared by Itsuki and Tanaka are low in beta-carotene-rich vegetables again aren't they?

庶民shominのnoなりわいnariwaiはha、米komeをwoつくるtsukuruことkotoだったdatta。 The ordinary people had their livelihood in farming rice.

文法的にbunpoutekini正しいtadashii文章bunshouをwo作るtsukuruようyou心がけるkokorogakeruべきbekiだda。 You should try to produce grammatical sentences.

ではdeha、CGをwo作るtsukuru場合baaiはhaどのようにdonoyouni光源kougenをwo使用shiyouすればsurebaよいyoiのnoであろうdearouかka。 Then, when you're making CG, how should you use light sources?

輸入制限yunyuuseigenはha両国間ryoukokukanによりniyori親密なshinmitsuna関係kankeiをwo作るtsukuru支障shishouになるninaru。 Import restrictions are barriers to closer relations between the two countries.

例外reigaiはha作るtsukuruべきではないbekidehanaiとto思いますomoimasu。 I don't think an exception should be made.

JLPTN5
差す☆【さすsasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:

  • to shine ➜ 射す
  • to be visible
  • to be tinged with
  • to rise (of water levels); to flow in
  • to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one ➜ 気が差す・魔が差す

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to hold up (an umbrella, etc.); to put up; to raise
  • to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance) ➜ 指す
  • to insert; to put in ➜ 挿す
  • to wear (a sword) in one's belt; to wear at one's side; to carry under one's arm ➜ 挿す
  • to insert one's arm under an opponent's arm - Sumo term
  • to pole (a boat) ➜ 刺す
  • to pour; to add (liquid); to serve (drinks) ➜ 注す
  • to put on (lipstick, etc.); to apply; to colour; to dye
  • to light (a fire); to burn
  • to shut; to close; to lock; to fasten ➜ 鎖す【さす】

suffix / godan ~す verb:

  • to stop in the midst of; to leave undone - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 止す【さす】

ほお紅hoobeniやya口紅kuchibeniをwo差すsasuだけdakeでde表情hyoujouやya笑顔egaoがgaどんどんdondon変わってkawatteくるkuruんですndesu。 Expressions and smiles change like that just from applying rouge and lipstick.

噂uwasaをwoすればsureba影kageがgaさすsasu。 Talk of the devil and he's sure to appear.

JLPTN4
なくなるnakunaru☆《無くなる》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
  • to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more
  • to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)

やがてyagateこの世konoyoからkara戦争sensouがgaなくなるnakunaru日hiがgaくるkuruだろうdarou。 The day will soon come when there will be no more wars in the world.

JLPTN2
引っかかる☆【ひっかかるhikkakaru】引っ掛かる☆・引っ掛る☆ Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be caught in; to be stuck in
  • to stop by; to drop in for a short visit; to be delayed; to take time
  • to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to be involved with
  • to fall for (a trick); to be deceived; to be cheated
  • to be on one's mind; to worry one; to be bothered by; to feel uneasy
  • to be obstructed; to be hindered
  • to splash

何でnandeそんなsonna安っぽいyasuppoiペテンPETENにniひっかかるhikkakaruんだnda。 Why do people get fooled by such cheap schemes?

そんなsonnaのにnoni引っかかるhikkakaruのnoはha間抜けmanukeだdaよyo。 That's for suckers.

こうkouいっiたta場所bashoにni引っかかるhikkakaruのnoはha、一体ittaiどうdouいっiたta種類shuruiのno人hitoたちtachiなnaんnだろdaroうu？ What sort of people hang out at a place like this?

JLPTN1
奉る【たてまつるtatematsuru・まつるmatsuru】献る【まつるmatsuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to offer; to present - humble language
  • to set someone up in a high position; to revere at a distance

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

  • to do respectfully - humble language
JLPTN1
辟易【へきえきhekieki】ヘキエキHEKIEKI Inflection

~する noun:

  • to be stumped; to be nonplussed; to be disconcerted; to dumbfounded ➜ 閉口
  • to be fed up with; to be tired of; to find unable to bear
  • to wince; to shrink back; to cringe

彼kareはha人付き合いhitozukiaiにni辟易hekiekiしているshiteiru。 He's fed up with socializing.

彩る☆【いろどるirodoru】色取る Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to colour; to color; to paint
  • to apply make-up
  • to decorate; to garnish; to adorn; to add flair
切り上げる☆【きりあげるkiriageru】切上げる Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to close; to finish
  • to round up (a number)
  • to revalue (a currency)
突っ掛かる【つっかかるtsukkakaru】突っかかる Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to charge; to lunge; to rush
  • to flare up (at someone); to turn on (someone)
  • to collide with; to bump into
たばかるtabakaru《謀る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to work out a plan of deception; to scheme; to take in; to dupe; to deceive

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to think up a plan; to think over a plan
  • to discuss; to consult
小袋と小娘【こぶくろとこむすめkobukurotokomusume】

expression:

  • small bag and young woman [literal]
  • like a small bag seems to be able to contain few items yet can be stuffed with many, a young woman seems inexpensive to bring up yet can end up costing a lot
  • a young woman and a small bag are both fragile and great care must be taken with both of them
はだけるhadakeru《開ける・肌蹴るirr.》 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to open (e.g. one's robe); to bare (e.g. one's chest); to expose

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to open up (of clothing); to be exposed

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to open wide (one's legs, eyes, mouth, etc.); to stretch - archaism

和子wakoがga胸muneをwoはだけてhadakete赤ん坊akanbouにni乳chichiをwoふくませたfukumaseta。 Kazuko bared her breast and fed the baby.

無うなる【のうなるnounaru】 Inflection

expression / godan ~る verb:

別家【べっけbekke・べっかbekka】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • branch family; cadet family; setting up a branch family
  • leaving one's employer to set up a new shop with the same name ➜ 暖簾分け

noun:

  • separate house - archaism
げんなりgennari・ゲンナリGENNARI Inflection

~する noun / adverb / ~と adverb:

  • to be weary; to be worn out; to be tired - onomatopoeia
  • to be fed up (with); to be sick of - onomatopoeia
  • to be dejected; to be dispirited; to be disheartened - onomatopoeia
JLPTN2
見送る★【みおくるmiokuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home)
  • to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight
  • to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to let a pitch go by (baseball); to watch a batted ball go into the stands
  • to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
  • to have someone related or close to you die; to bury someone
  • to take care of somebody until he dies
  • to wait and see; to continue (e.g. in legal contexts)

彼のkareno弟otoutoはha彼kareをwo見送るmiokuruためtame駅ekiへhe行ったitta。 His brother went to the station to see him off.

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