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JLPTN5

乗る^☆【のるnoru】乘る^old Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to board; to take; to embark
to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to jump on; to sit on; to mount ➜ 載る【のる】
to reach; to go over; to pass
to follow; to stay (on track); to go with (the times, etc.)
to take part; to participate; to join
to get into the swing (and sing, dance, etc.)
to be deceived; to be taken in
to be carried; to be spread; to be scattered - usu. with an adverb of manner, e.g. よく乗る
to stick; to attach; to take; to go on - usu. with an adverb of manner, e.g. よく乗る

１１時のjino 列車ressha にni乗るnoruつもりtsumori ですdesu。 I'm catching the 11:00 train.

そんなにsonnani 沢山takusan パンPAN にni乗るnoruんn かka？ You really put that much in the sandwich?

飛行機hikouki にni乗るnoruのno はha これkore がga２度目ですdesu。 This is the second time I've flown.

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JLPTN4

倒れる^★【たおれるtaoreru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to fall (over, down); to collapse; to take a fall; to topple
to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to cave in; to crumble; to give away
to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to break down (e.g. from overwork)
to die; to be killed
to go bankrupt (of a company, bank, etc.); to fail; to collapse; to go under
to be defeated (in a game); to lose
to fall (of a government, dictator, etc.); to be overthrown

私watashi はha 通りtoori でde 老人roujin がga あお向けaomuke にni倒れるtaoreruのno をwo 見たmita。 I saw an old man fall on his back in the street.

あのano 元気なgenkina 男otoko がga 病気byouki でde倒れるtaoreruなんてnante、鬼oni のno霍乱とto もっぱらmoppara のno 噂uwasa だda よyo。 For a healthy cheerful guy like that to get sick is like the devil getting sunstroke. Everyone is talking about it.

内閣naikaku はha倒れるtaoreruだろうdarou ということだtoiukotoda。 They say that the cabinet will fall.

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JLPTN2

絞る^★【しぼるshiboru】搾る^☆ Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze - esp. 絞る
to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk - esp. 搾る
to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
to extort; to exploit
to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke - often passive voice ➜ 油を絞る
to drill into; to train
to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
to stop down (lens)
to turn down (e.g. radio)
to bend (bow); to draw
to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize - Sumo term

ああaa、牛ushi のno 乳chichi はha そんなふうにsonnafuuni搾るshiboruのですnodesu かka。 Oh, is that the way you milk a cow?

私watashi はha５ポンドPONDO絞るshiboru必要hitsuyou がga あるaru。 I need to lose five pounds.

何nani 世紀seiki にni もmo、読み書きyomikaki にni 焦点shouten をwo絞るshiboru語学gogaku 教育kyouiku でde あるaru。 For centuries, foreign language teaching focused on reading and writing.

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JLPTN3

かぶるkaburu^☆・かむるkamuru《被る・冠る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to put on (one's head); to wear; to have on; to pull over (one's head); to crown (oneself)
to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to dash on oneself; to ship water
to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to assume (responsibility); to shoulder (burden)
to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
to be similar; to be redundant

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to be fogged (due to overexposure, etc.) - of film
to close; to come to an end - of a play, etc.
to get a full house; to sell out - of a play, etc.
to blunder; to bungle; to fail - of a play, etc. - archaism ➜ 毛氈を被る
to be deceived - archaism

「白いshiroi 帽子boushi をwoかぶっているkabutteiru男の人otokonohito はha 誰dare ですかdesuka」とto 私watashi はha 彼女kanojo にni 言ったitta。 I asked her who the man wearing the white hat was.

そのsono 機械kikai はha ほこりhokori をwoかぶっていたkabutteita。 The machine was coated with dust.

避難民hinanmin はha 食料shokuryou やya 水mizu、薬kusuri などnado その他sonota いろいろiroiro 不足fusoku をwo被るkoumuruものmono だda。 Refugees will suffer lack of food, water, medicine and all that.

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JLPTN1

打ち込む^☆【うちこむuchikomu】打ちこむ・打込む・うち込む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to drive in (e.g. nail, stake); to hammer in
to hit (a ball, etc.); to drive; to smash
to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to lob (e.g. grenades) ➜ 撃ち込む
to input (data); to enter
to devote oneself to; to go heart and soul into; to throw oneself into; to go head over heels for
to practice hitting (baseball, tennis, etc.) - Sports term
to hit (an opponent in kendo, boxing, etc.); to get a blow in - Martial Arts term
to invade one's opponent's territory (in the game of go); to place a stone in an opponent's formation
to pour (concrete, etc.) into a form

ノートパソコンNOOTOPASOKON のno 電源を入れdengenwoire、ブラウザBURAUZAをwo 立ち上げてtachiagete、もうmou 覚えてoboete しまったshimatta アドレスADORESU をwo打ち込むuchikomu。 I switch on my laptop, start up the browser, and type in the address I've already learnt by heart.

基礎kiso にni 杭kui をwo打ち込むuchikomuのno をwo 忘れてwasurete、空中kuuchuu にni 楼閣roukaku をwo 建てるtateru とはtoha、あなたanata もmo 愚かなorokana 人hito だda。 It is foolish of you to build a castle in the air while forgetting to drive in pilings for its foundation.

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JLPTN3

飛ばす^☆【とばすtobasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to let fly; to make fly; to send flying; to blow off (e.g. in the wind); to launch; to fire; to hurl; to shoot
to skip over; to leave out; to omit; to drop (e.g. a stitch)
to run fast; to drive fast; to gallop
to spray; to splash; to spatter
to say without reservation; to call out (e.g. a jeer); to rattle of (e.g. a joke)
to spread (e.g. a rumour); to circulate; to send out (a message); to issue (e.g. an appeal)
to transfer (to a less important post); to send away (e.g. to a provincial branch); to demote
to dispatch quickly (e.g. a reporter)
to get rid of; to burn off (alcohol)
to attack (e.g. with a leg manoeuvre)

auxiliary verb / godan ~す verb:

to do vigorously; to do roughly; to do energetically

凧tako をwo飛ばすtobasuのno はha 危険kiken になるninaru ことがあるkotogaaru。 Flying kites can be dangerous.

飛ばすtobasuぞzo！ Fly!

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JLPTN5

差す^☆【さすsasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:

to shine ➜ 射す
to be visible
to be tinged with
to rise (of water levels); to flow in
to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one ➜ 気が差す・魔が差す

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to hold up (an umbrella, etc.); to put up; to raise
to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance) ➜ 指す
to insert; to put in ➜ 挿す
to wear (a sword) in one's belt; to wear at one's side; to carry under one's arm ➜ 挿す
to insert one's arm under an opponent's arm - Sumo term
to pole (a boat) ➜ 刺す
to pour; to add (liquid); to serve (drinks) ➜ 注す
to put on (lipstick, etc.); to apply; to colour; to dye
to light (a fire); to burn
to shut; to close; to lock; to fasten ➜ 鎖す【さす】

suffix / godan ~す verb:

to stop in the midst of; to leave undone - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 止す【さす】

ほお紅hoobeni やya 口紅kuchibeni をwo差すsasuだけdake でde 表情hyoujou やya 笑顔egao がga どんどんdondon 変わってkawatte くるkuru んですndesu。 Expressions and smiles change like that just from applying rouge and lipstick.

噂uwasa をwo すればsureba 影kage がgaさすsasu。 Talk of the devil and he's sure to appear.

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JLPTN4

上がる^☆【あがるagaru】揚がる^☆・挙がる^☆・上る^irr. Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised Antonym: 下がる
to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
to get out (of water); to come ashore
to increase - also written as 騰る in ref. to price
to improve; to make progress
to be promoted; to advance
to be made (of profit, etc.)
to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.) - often as 〜で上がる
to be finished; to be done; to be over
(of rain) to stop; to lift
to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
to win (in a card game, etc.)
to be arrested ［挙がる］
to turn up (of evidence, etc.) ［挙がる］
to be deep fried ［揚がる］
to be spoken loudly
to get stage fright
to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
to go; to visit - humble language
to eat; to drink - honorific language
to be listed (as a candidate) - esp. 挙がる
to serve (in one's master's home)
to go north - in Kyoto

suffix / godan ~る verb:

to be complete; to finish - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 出来上がる

３月sangatsu１日からkara 鉄道tetsudou 運賃unchin がga１割あがるagaruとto 発表happyou されたsareta。 It has been announced that railway fares will be raised by 10 percent starting on the first of March.

「雨ame がga すぐsuguあがるagaruでしょうかdeshouka」「あがらないagaranai とto 思うomou よyo」 "Will it stop raining soon?" "I'm afraid not."

やがてyagate 雨ame はha上がるagaruをwo 思うomou。 I hope it will clear up soon.

私watashi はha 演説enzetsu をwo するsuru とto 決まってkimatteあがるagaru。 I never make a speech without being nervous.

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JLPTN5

出る^★【でるderu】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out Antonym: 入る【はいる】
to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
to move forward
to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
to sell
to exceed; to go over
to stick out; to protrude
to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
to be produced
to come from; to be derived from
to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
to graduate

女性josei がga 働きhataraki にni出るderu事koto はha ごくgoku 普通futsuu のno ことkoto だda。 It is quite common for women to go out to work.

アメリカAMERIKA のno 学生gakusei のno 中naka にはniha 苦労kurou してshite 働きhataraki ながらnagara 大学daigaku をwo出るderu者mono がga 多いooi。 Many American students work their way through the university.

電話denwa がga 鳴っていたnatteita がga、それsore にni出るderu人hito はha いなかったinakatta。 The phone was ringing, but there was no one to answer it.

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出ず【いずizu】出づ【いづizu】

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out - archaism Antonym: 入る【はいる】
to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out - archaism
to move forward - archaism
to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach - archaism
to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display - archaism
to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out - archaism
to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform - archaism
to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised - archaism
to sell - archaism
to exceed; to go over - archaism
to stick out; to protrude - archaism
to break out; to occur; to start; to originate - archaism
to be produced - archaism
to come from; to be derived from - archaism
to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid - archaism
to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get - archaism
to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave - archaism
to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain - archaism
to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed - archaism
to graduate - archaism

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