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- 係り合い【かかりあい】かかり合い・掛かり合い・掛り合い
noun:
- relationship; connection; involvement; entanglement; implication (e.g. in a crime)
- 粋☆【いき・すい】 Inflection
adjectival noun / noun:
- chic; smart; stylish; tasteful; refined; sophisticated; worldly (esp. in terms of being familiar with the red light district, geishas and actors) - いき is also written as 意気 Antonym: 野暮
- considerate; understanding; sympathetic
noun / adjectival noun:
- essence; the best; the cream ［すい］
どうせ日本文化の粋などは連中には絶対わかるまい。 The essence of Japanese culture could never be appreciated by them.
- 町人☆【ちょうにん・まちにんobs.】
noun:
- townspeople; townsfolk; commoner; civilian; merchant; tradesman; tradeswoman; tradespeople; artisan; members of the lowest Edo-period social class (comprising commoners not involved in farming)
- 成型☆【せいけい】成形 Inflection
noun / ~する noun:
- cast; mold; mould; casting; molding; moulding; compacting (e.g. in metallurgy) - esp. 成型
- forming; shaping; fashioning - esp. 成形
- なる☆《成る・為る》 Inflection
godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:
- to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
- to result in; to prove to be
- to consist of; to be composed of
- to succeed; to be complete
- to change into; to be exchanged for
- to play a role ➜ 成り済ます
- to be promoted - Shōgi term
godan ~る verb:
- to do ... - as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc. - honorific language
枝が伸び、実が成ることを想定して接ぐ場所を選びましょう。 Select the graft point after imagining how the branches will extend and fruit grow.
- 地【じ】
noun:
- ground; land; earth; soil - abbreviation
- the region in question; the local area
- skin
- texture; fabric; material; weave
- base; background
- one's true nature
- narrative (i.e. descriptive part of a story)
- real life; actuality
- captured territory (in the game of go)
- noh chorus ➜ 地謡
- accompaniment music (in Japanese dance)
- basic phrase (in Japanese music; usu. repetitive)
- base part (of multiple shamisens)
雨降って地固まる。 Adversity strengthens the foundations.
彼女のドレスは青い地に白の水玉模様がある。 Her dress is blue with white polka dots.
その推理小説は地の文よりも会話の部分の方が多い。 The mystery contains more dialogue than narrative.
- 刀禰【とね】
noun:
- priest - used at certain shrines, e.g. Ise, Kamo - Shintō term
- member of one of the four administrative ranks in the ritsuryo system - archaism ➜ 四等官
- government official in charge of a town, esp. in Heian Kyoto - archaism
- prominent member of a town - archaism
- river boatman; captain of a riverboat
- (medieval) harbor manager - archaism
- bandit leader; head of a gang of brigands - archaism
- 引く☆【ひく】曳く・牽く Inflection
godan ~く verb / transitive:
- to pull; to tug; to lead (e.g. a horse)
- to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest) ➜ 惹く【ひく】・注意を引く
- to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to pull in
- to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
- to draw (a line, plan, etc.) ➜ 図面を引く
- to catch (a cold) ➜ 風邪を引く
- to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument) ➜ 弾く【ひく】
- to look up (e.g. a dictionary); to consult ➜ 辞書を引く
- to haul; to pull (vehicles) - esp. 牽く
- to subtract; to deduct
- to recede; to ebb; to fade
- to be descend from; to inherit (a characteristic)
- to quote; to cite; to raise (as evidence)
- to lay on (electricity, gas, etc.); to install (e.g. a telephone); to supply (e.g. water)
- to hold (e.g. a note)
- to apply (e.g. lipstick); to oil (e.g. a pan); to wax (e.g. a floor)
godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:
あんな本みたらフツーの女は引くもんな！ Obviously a normal woman would lose interest if she saw a book like that!
定規は直線を引くのに役立つ。 A ruler helps one to draw a straight line.
ジョンはギターを引くことができません。 John can't play the guitar.
初めての単語を辞書でひくのはよい習慣である。 It is a good habit to look up new words in a dictionary.
１０から２を引くと、８残る。 Two from ten leaves eight.
はれが引くまで何日くらいかかりますか。 How many days will it take until the swelling goes down?
- 当たる☆【あたる】当る・中る・中たる Inflection
godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:
- to be hit; to strike Antonym: 外す
- to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed
- to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to
- to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
- to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win
- to be successful; to go well; to be a hit
- to face; to confront
- to lie (in the direction of)
- to undertake; to be assigned
- to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted
- to be called upon (by the teacher)
- to treat (esp. harshly); to lash out at
- to be unnecessary - as 〜するには当たらない, etc.
- to be hitting well; to be on a hitting streak - usu. as 当たっている - Baseball term
- (in fishing) to feel a bite
- (of fruit, etc.) to be bruised; to spoil
godan ~る verb / transitive:
- to feel (something) out; to probe into; to check (i.e. by comparison)
- to shave
- to be a relative of a person; to stand in a relationship - as 〜の〜に当たる
日本の桜はまさにイギリスのバラにあたる。 The cherry blossom is to Japan what the rose is to England.
- 構える☆【かまえる】 Inflection
ichidan verb / transitive:
- to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to establish; to run; to maintain
- to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to prepare in advance (e.g. a meal)
- to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to stand ready; to be poised for
ichidan verb / intransitive verb:
- to put on an air; to assume an attitude
- to stiffen; to tense up; to become formal
ichidan verb / transitive:
- to fabricate in order to deceive; to make up; to feign
- to plan; to scheme
気長に構える必要があります。 You have to be patient.
彼らはロンドン郊外に居を構えることに決めた。 They decided to settle in a suburb of London.
- 倒れる★【たおれる】 Inflection
ichidan verb / intransitive verb:
- to fall (over, down); to collapse; to take a fall; to topple
- to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to cave in; to crumble; to give away
- to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to break down (e.g. from overwork)
- to die; to be killed
- to go bankrupt (of a company, bank, etc.); to fail; to collapse; to go under
- to be defeated (in a game); to lose
- to fall (of a government, dictator, etc.); to be overthrown
私は通りで老人があお向けに倒れるのを見た。 I saw an old man fall on his back in the street.
あの元気な男が病気で倒れるなんて、鬼の霍乱ともっぱらの噂だよ。 For a healthy cheerful guy like that to get sick is like the devil getting sunstroke. Everyone is talking about it.
- 通る☆【とおる】徹る・透る Inflection
godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:
- to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of
- to run (between); to operate (between); to connect - of public transport
- to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in
- to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through
- to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout
- to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far
- to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed
- to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted
- to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for
- to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense
- to get across (e.g. of one's point); to be understood
- to be straight (e.g. wood grain)
- to be well-informed; to be wise - archaism
suffix / godan ~る verb:
- to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly - after the -masu stem of a verb
容易に試験に通ると思う。 I expect her to pass the examination easily.
法案は間違いなく通るよ。 This bill is safe to pass.
富んでいるものが神の国に入るよりは、らくだが針の穴を通る方がもっと易しい。 It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.
- 漂う☆【ただよう】 Inflection
godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:
- to drift; to float
- to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air
- to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood)
- to wander; to walk around aimlessly
- to be unsteady; to be unstable - archaism
- to falter; to flinch; to wince - archaism
- to live in unreliable circumstances - archaism
この無限の空間に漂う永遠の沈黙が私を恐怖に陥れる。 The eternal silence of these infinite spaces terrifies me.
多くの人が目的なく人生を漂う。 Many people drift through life without a purpose.
氷は毎日相当な距離を漂うこともある。 The ice may drift considerable distances each day.
- 寄る☆【よる】 Inflection
godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:
- to approach; to draw near; to come near; to be close to
- to gather (in one place); to come together; to meet
- to stop by (while on one's way to another place); to drop by; to make a short visit
- to grow old; to grow high (number, etc.) ➜ 年が寄る
- to grow (wrinkly) - in the form of しわが寄る
- to lean against; to recline on - also written as 倚る, 凭る
- to push one's opponent while holding their belt - Sumo term
- to decide on a price and come to a deal
- to be swayed by (a person); to yield to - archaism
明日の朝７時に誘いに寄るよ。 I'll call for you at 7 tomorrow morning.
彼は寄る年波で弱った。 He sank under the weight of age.
彼がよると馬が彼を蹴りかかった。 The horse kicked at him when he approached it.
- 開く☆【ひらく】 Inflection
godan ~く verb / intransitive verb / transitive:
- to open; to undo; to unseal; to unpack
- to bloom; to unfold; to spread out
- to open (for business, e.g. in the morning)
- to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
godan ~く verb / transitive:
- to hold (meeting, etc.); to give; to open
- to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.); to open (a new business); to set up; to establish; to start
- to open (ports, borders, etc.)
- to open (an account)
- to open up (new land, path, etc.); to clear; to develop ➜ 拓く
- to open (a file, etc.) - IT term
- to extract (root); to reduce (equation) - Mathematics term
- to cut open (fish) - as 魚を開く - Food term
- to change (kanji into hiragana)
godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:
- to flare (e.g. skirt)
- to slacken (into a poor posture) - as 体が開く, 肩が開く, etc. - Sports term
先週、私達は舞踏会を開きました。 We gave a ball last week.
庭のバラの木のつぼみが少しずつ開き始める。 Little by little, the buds on the rosebush in my garden begin to open.
私達はその店が開くまでしばらく待つより仕方がなかった。 We had no choice but to wait for a while until the store opened.
- 玉★【たま】球・珠・弾
noun:
- ball; sphere; globe; orb
- bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; droplet
- ball (in sports) - esp. 球
- pile (of noodles, etc.)
- bullet - esp. 弾; also written as 弾丸
- bulb (i.e. a light bulb) - esp. 球
- lens (of glasses, etc.)
- bead (of an abacus) - esp. 玉,珠
- ball (i.e. a testicle) - esp. 玉 - slang - abbreviation ➜ 金玉【きんたま】
- gem; jewel (esp. spherical; sometimes used figuratively); pearl - esp. 玉,珠; also written as 璧
- female entertainer (e.g. a geisha)
- person (when commenting on their nature); character - derogatory term
- item, funds or person used as part of a plot
noun / suffix noun:
- egg ➜ 玉子
suffix noun:
- coin - usu. だま
- precious; beautiful; excellent
彼の額には玉のような汗が浮かんでいた。 There were beads of sweat on his forehead.
ニッケルは５セント玉です。 A nickel is a five-cent coin.
王手をかけられたほうは、玉を逃げるなどの方法で王手を防がねばなりません。 The checked player must find a way for the king to escape and block the check.
弾が彼の頬をかすめた。 The bullet just shaved his cheek.
こいつがそんな玉じゃないことなんてとうの昔に解っていたからさ。 That's because, you see, I've known he isn't that sort of person from a long time back.
- 穴★【あな】孔
noun / suffix noun:
- hole - also read めど for this sense ➜ 穴が開く
- deficit; shortage; missing person (in a team, meeting, etc.)
- vacancy; opening
- flaw
- profitable place (or item, etc.) not well known by others
- upset victory (with a large payoff)
- pit (of a theater) - slang ➜ 平土間
- hiding place - archaism
- underbelly (of society, etc.) - archaism
そして各チームはゴールを蹴ってこの穴に通そうとして互いに競いあったのです。 And the teams competed with each other to try to kick the ball through this hole.
ミーティングに穴をあけてしまったことに対し、再度お詫びします。 Let me apologize once again for missing our meeting.
- 伸す【のす】 Inflection
godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:
- to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to spread
godan ~す verb:
- to gain influence; to become stronger; to increase (e.g. in scope)
godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:
- to go further
godan ~す verb / transitive:
- to smooth out; to roll out
- to spread out (something folded)
- to iron
- to knock out; to knock down
- 危ない☆【あぶない】 Inflection
adjective:
- dangerous; risky; hazardous; perilous; precarious
- in danger; in jeopardy; critical; grave; at risk
- uncertain; unreliable; insecure; unsteady; doubtful
- close (i.e. a close call); narrow
こんな夜更けに女の子の一人歩きは危ない。 It's not safe for a girl to go out by herself this late at night.
彼は命が危ない。 His life is in danger.
- 違う☆【ちがう】 Inflection
godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:
- to differ (from); to vary
- to not be in the usual condition
- to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
- to be different from promised ➜ 話が違う
expression:
- isn't it?; wasn't it? - at sentence-end; oft. as 〜のと違うか - Kansai dialect
その点では私は君と意見が違う。 I differ from you on that point.
そんなばかなことを言うなんて彼は気でも違ったのか。 Is he mad that he should say such a foolish thing?
- 好き☆【すき】 Inflection
adjectival noun / noun:
- liked; well-liked; favourite; favorite Antonym: 嫌い【きらい】
- in love (with); loved; romantically interested (in)
noun / adjectival noun:
- faddism; eccentricity
- the way one likes; (as) it suits one
「ケーキはお好きですか」「はい、好きです」 "Do you like cake?" "Yes, I do."
実を言うと、私は彼が好きでないのです。 To tell you the truth, I don't love him.
- 前☆【まえ】
adverbial noun / temporal noun / suffix:
その作家はどの位前になくなりましたか。 How long ago did the author die?
１９８７年１０月のある朝、スティーブン・ホーキングは自分のコンピューターの前に座っていた。 One October morning in 1987, Stephen Hawking sat before his computer.
彼女は法廷に判事と陪審員の前にたった。 She stood in the court before judge and jury.
わぁあ～～っ！？隠してっ！前、隠してよっ！ M-my goodness!? Cover-up! Cover yourself up!
- 代わり★【かわり】替わり☆・代り・替り
noun / ~の noun:
- substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing
- stand-in; proxy; alternate; deputy; relief; successor
- compensation; exchange; return - usu. as 〜代わりに, etc. ➜ 代わりに
- second helping; another cup; seconds - usu. as お代わり ➜ お代わり【おかわり】
- upcoming program; upcoming programme - esp. 替わり, 替り - abbreviation ➜ 替わり狂言
一人で行く代わりに私は手紙を送った。 Instead of going myself, I sent a letter.
二つ折りにしたクッションを枕代わりに、僕はフローリングの上にカーペットを敷いただけの固い床へと横になる。 Using a doubled-up cushion in place of a pillow I lie down on the hard wooden floor with nothing but a carpet spread over it.
- 決める☆【きめる】極める Inflection
ichidan verb / transitive:
- to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
- to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
- to persist in doing; to go through with
- to always do; to have made a habit of - as 決めている
- to take for granted; to assume
- to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
- to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
- to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.) - Martial Arts, Sumo term
- to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs
私たちがそこへ行くかどうかを決めるのは君の責任だ。 It's up to you to decide whether we'll go there or not.
屋根の勾配をどうするか決めるのはとても重要です。 It is very important to decide what to do about the slope of the roof.
どんな組織であれ、内部の融和と団結はその組織の成敗を決める重要な要素だ。 For any type of organisation, internal harmony and unity are important factors in deciding its success or failure.
- 済む☆【すむ】濟むold Inflection
godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:
- to finish; to end; to be completed
- to merely result in something less severe than expected
- to feel at ease
- to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry - in the negative ➜ すみません
夕食がすむと居間へ移った。 When dinner was over, we adjourned to the sitting room.
誰の助けもかりないで済むものはいない。 Nobody can dispense with somebody's service.
Kanji
© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.
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